Effect of Tropicamide on Laser Flare Meter Measurements in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To investigate the effect of 1% tropicamide on anterior chamber aqueous flare (ACAF) measurements acquired with laser flare meter in patients with pseudoexfoliation.     

心理因素对小学生脑力工作能力影响的研究

采用横断面研究方法，对180名小学三年级学生脑力工作能力与其智力、性格、学习动机等心理因素和学习、睡眠时间等作息因素的关系进行分析研究。验证了学习、睡眠时间是影响学生脑力工作能力重要的外部因素；脑力工作能力与智力和学习成绩呈正相关。学生自身的心理因素中，学习动机对脑力工作能力有重要影响，所以激发和强化学生的学习动机，是保持和提高学生学习工作能力的有效手段；而性格内外向性、情绪稳定性等因素，对脑力工作能力的影响不明显。     

普拉固和鱼油对高胆固醇血症患者血脂与心脑血管事件影响的比较

目的:比较普拉固和鱼油对高胆固醇血症患者的血脂、血粘度、血管内皮功能和心脑血管事件的影响。方法:对266例原发性高胆固醇血症患者经2周洗脱期后,随机分为两组,普拉固组,初服10mg,每晚一次,8周后若TC仍>5.2mmol/L,LDL—ch>3.12mmol/L,则加量至20mg/d,每8周再查血脂,以达到TC<5.2mmol/L,LDL—ch<3.12mmol/L的量作治疗量继续服用。鱼油组,服美国深海鱼油一日三次,一次3g,均于服药8周复查血脂、血粘度及血管内皮功能等并作16月随访。结果:治疗8周,TC,普拉固组下降26％,鱼油组下降12％(P<0.01)。LDL—ch,普拉固组下降31％,鱼油组下降11％(P<0.01),肱动脉流量介导的舒张与硝酸甘油介导的舒张,普拉固组分别增加104％和19％,鱼油组无明显改变。全血低切粘度,普拉固组减少23％,鱼油组减少10％(P<0.01)。平均随访16月,普拉固组中脑出血1例(0.8％),鱼油组发生心脑血管事件7例(5.3％),死亡1例(P<0.05)。两组均无明显的不良反应。结论:普拉固是一个安全有效的降脂药,能改善血管内皮功能,降低血粘度,减少高胆固醇血症病人心脑血管事件发生。     

Successful treatment with balloon dilatation using a double‐balloon enteroscope for a stricture in the small bowel of a patient with Crohn's disease

The requirement for endoscopic access to a stricture is a major limitation of the endoscopic dilatation for the treatment of strictures in the gastrointestinal tract. We have developed the double‐balloon enteroscopy method that enables visualization of the entire small bowel. In addition, double‐balloon enteroscopy has a potential for the interventional therapy including dilatation of strictures. We present here a case of jejunal strictures in a 47‐year‐old woman with Crohn's disease successfully treated with a balloon catheter in combination with double‐balloon enteroscopy. Balloon dilation with double‐balloon enteroscopy is a promising method for the treatment of small bowel strictures in Crohn's disease.     

内镜直视下机械扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症62例

目的评价内镜直视下机械扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效。方法利用自行设计并改良的机械扩张器械在上消化道内镜直视下对62例贲门失弛缓症进行机械扩张。其中1例为Heller手术失败，4例为气囊扩张失败。结果2例食管破裂中转开胸手术治愈；1例不能耐受手术而放弃；1例一次扩张效果不好，二次扩张后痊愈；其余58例一次成功。扩张时间2—5min，平均3．5min。术中均见黏膜少量出血，无活动性出血。术后2小时进冷流质饮食，6小时后软成形饮食，之后过渡为普通饮食。58例随访2—11年，平均7．5年，均获治愈。结论内镜直视下机械扩张贲门失弛缓症创伤小，费用低，无反流，长期随访效果可靠，有推广价值。     

穿透性角膜移植联合瞳孔成形术的临床观察

目的观察穿透性角膜移植联合瞳孔成形术的效果。方法４８只眼行穿透性角膜移植术的同时对虹膜缺损进行修复，成形瞳孔。术后随访６～８９个月。结果植片透明者３８只眼（７９．２％），视力恢复０．１以上者３１只眼（６４．６％），瞳孔修复接近正常者４３只眼（８９．６％）。结论穿透性角膜移植联合瞳孔成形术，可减少术后并发症、改善植片的预后及视功能。对波及瞳孔的虹膜缺损，联合行瞳孔成形术效果较好。     

高频超声检测颈动脉内膜-中层厚度及外周血管内皮功能评价动脉粥样硬化

目的 探讨高频超声检测颈动脉内膜-中层厚度与肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能在动脉粥样硬化中的诊断价值.方法 冠状动脉造影的老年患者69例及青年志愿者20例,分别行颈动脉超声检查,同时采用充气加压法测定肱动脉血流介导的内径扩张值,超声测值与冠脉造影结果对照分析.结果 ①颈动脉内膜-中层厚度值随粥样硬化斑块的增多、冠脉狭窄程度的加重而增高;②动脉粥样硬化患者在内膜-中层厚度值增高之前即可出现内皮功能损伤,肱动脉内径扩张值降低早于内膜-中层厚度值增高之前出现,内径扩张值随冠脉狭窄程度加重而下降.结论 高频超声检测颈动脉内膜-中层厚度、内径扩张值诊断早期动脉粥样硬化敏感性高,并且有助于对冠脉狭窄程度作出判断.     

ENDOSCOPIC PANCREATIC STENTING IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS WITH DUCTAL DILATION PROXIMAL TO A STRICTURE: A SAFE and EFFECTIVE PROTOCOL

After removal of intraductal stones, a 10‐Fr or 7‐Fr pancreatic stent was placed in 16 patients with upstream ductal dilation proximal to a stricture of the main pancreatic duct. Stents were removed after a mean duration of 52.5 days. Nine patients underwent repeated stenting. About one year after removal of the initial stent, when the remaining upstream ductal dilation was found on follow‐up pancreatograms, the next stent was replaced. Repeated stenting improved outflow of pancreatic juice more effectively than one‐time stenting. Correlation between long‐term pain relief without recurrence of intraductal stones and reduction of duct diameter was also shown. Stent occlusion was observed in 14 of 30 stents. Stent occlusion was frequently associated with recurrence of pancreatitis and intraductal stones, and was also associated with morphologic changes in the pancreatic ductal system. Although there were no significant differences between stent patency of the initial stents and that of the next stents, stent patency of 10‐Fr stents was superior to that of 7‐Fr stents. 10‐Fr stents should be removed within 8 weeks and 7‐Fr stents should be removed within 4 weeks for the prevention of stent occlusion. Repeated stenting with short‐term stenting is therefore considered a safe and effective protocol of endoscopic pancreatic stenting.     

贲门失驰缓症介入治疗的疗效评价

目的：评价贲门失弛缓症球囊扩张介入治疗的疗效。方法：对20例贲门失驰缓症患者行球囊扩张术。结果：20例患者共进行了31次球囊扩张，人均1．5次（其中12例扩张1次，5例扩张2次，3例扩张3次）。术后患者吞咽困难明显缓解，主要并发症为疼痛和返流。术后随访无症状期为3－13个月。结论：球囊扩张术是治疗门失弛缓症的有效方法。     

阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的：应用高频超声观察冠心病（CAD）患者，经阿托伐他汀治疗后对肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能（EDD）的改善作用。方法：经冠脉造影（CAG）确诊为CAD患者59例，利用高频超声血管技术检测阿托伐他汀对CAD患者治疗前后肱动脉EDD的疗效。结果：阿托伐他汀治疗2年后，EDD比治疗前有明显改善（P〈0．05），与对照组相比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。常规治疗组治疗2年后，EDD无明显改善（P〉0．05），与阿托伐他汀组治疗后及对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：阿托伐他汀具有改善EDD的作用。