Preceptors’ perceptions of supporting nursing students in prison health services: A qualitative study

BackgroundOur university commenced clinical placements for third-year nursing students in Prison Health Services (PHS) in 2014. Registered nurse preceptors employed in these services facilitated students’ experiential workplace learning, assessed their competence and assisted them to meet course objectives in this challenging environment. To date, no studies have examined preceptors’ experiences of supporting students in the prison health setting.AimThe study aim was to investigate preceptors’ perceptions of supporting nursing students undertaking clinical placements in PHS, in order to inform development of resources and processes.MethodsQualitative data were collected via a focus group and interviews with preceptors (n = 6) working in metropolitan PHS. Data underwent thematic analysis.FindingsParticipants valued the opportunity to support student learning, finding students contributed to the workplace by bringing in new ideas, and conducting beneficial projects. However, preceptors requested better rostering and workload management by their employer. They also wished for more detailed information from the university regarding student orientation and preparation to support student learning. They felt that the employer-provided preceptorship training did not fulfil their needs.DiscussionPreceptors in PHS settings shared many of the support needs of those in other settings, although some challenges were more specific to the setting.ConclusionThis paper makes recommendations on how preceptors in PHS can be better supported to fulfil the role.     

多种健康教育方法对武警某部新兵艾滋病知信行的影响

目的通过对武警某部 90 3名新兵艾滋病多种健康教育方法干预效果评价 ,为部队全面开展此项健康教育奠定基础和提供依据。方法整群多阶段抽样选定 4组对象 ,用 4种方法 (板书授课 VCD ;多媒体授课 VCD 资料 ;同伴教育 ;同伴教育 VCD 资料 )进行教育。结果干预前后 4种方法知识得分均有显著提高 (P <0 .0 1) ,除第 3种方法外 ,其余 3种干预前后态度和行为得分也有显著提高(P <0 .0 1)。 4种方法比较 ,以第 2种效果最佳 (P <0 .0 1)。结论在新兵群体采用同伴教育进行艾滋病健康教育效果不理想 ,应采取综合方法。     

Mortality in police and firefighters in New Jersey

A proportionate mortality study of police and firefighters in New Jersey was conducted using the records of a comprehensive retirement system. Three reference populations were used: U.S. general population, New Jersey general population, and police as a reference group for the firefighters. Overall neither group differed from the New Jersey male population in the cause of death. Analyses by latency showed an increase in skin cancer and cirrhosis in firefighters and cirrhosis in police. With increased time from first employment, an inverse association was found between heart disease and time of first exposure. This was reflected in statistically significant increased proportionate mortality rates (PMR) for arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) (ICD 410-414) for both working police (PMR = 1.15) and firefighters (PMR = 1.2). Retired police and firefighters had PMRs of 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. Firefighters had a significant increase in nonmalignant respiratory disease (PMR = 1.98) and leukemia (PMR = 2.76) when the police were used as a reference group. Potential causes of the above findings are discussed.     

Musculoskeletal problems and driving in police officers

The Occupational Health Department of a rural police force inthe UK had concerns regarding sickness absence levels due tomusculoskeletal problems, particularly in officers who droveas part of their job. It was decided to conduct an interviewsurvey comparing two groups of police officers with differinglevels of exposure to driving, recording sickness absence andprevalence data related due to musculoskeletal troubles. Theresults indicate that exposure to car driving, both in termsof distance and hours driven, had a significant effect on self-reportedlow back trouble. Officers whose job mainly involved drivingalso experienced more low back trouble over the last 12 monthsthan those whose job primarily involved sitting (not driving),standing and lifting tasks. Police motorcyclists had significantlyhigher prevalence figures for reported shoulder trouble thanpolice car drivers.     

深圳市警察心理素质研究Ⅲ.心理健康与应对方式调查

目的：探讨深圳警察的心理健康和应对方式及其与人口学特征的关系。方法：通过团体测试方式对6107名深圳警察进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)和简易应对方式问卷调查。结果：深圳警察SCL-90的总均分、阳性症状均分及l0个因子分均显著低于全国常模；其积极应对得分显著高于全国常模，而消极应对得分显著低于全国常模。深圳男性警察的躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、敌对、偏执、精神病及总均分均显著高于女性，其积极应对得分显著低于女性。36-40岁年龄段及副科级警察SCL-90多项因子分在各年龄段及各职务级别警察中得分最高；45岁以前，随着年龄的递增，积极应对和消极应对两维度的均分均相应递增。结论：年龄、性别、文化程度和职务级别的不同对深圳警察的心理健康状况和应对方式存在一定影响。积极应对有利于心理健康。     

Maslach倦怠量表-服务行业版在警察中的修订及应用分析

目的对Maslach倦怠量表-服务行业版(MBI-HSS)进行修订,并了解我国警察工作倦怠现状。方法采用MBI-HSS对4855名警察进行测试并对量表作出信、效度分析。结果修订后的量表保持原有的三维度结构,具有良好的结构效度(CFI=0.945,TLI=0.936,GFI=0.947,AGFI=0.930,NFI=0.942,IFI=0.945,RM-SEA=0.060),总量表和分量表的内部一致性信度、重测信度均大于0.70。综合三个维度的结果发现,男性警察的倦怠程度高于女性警察,警龄在6-15年的警察倦怠程度最严重,离异警察的倦怠程度高于已婚和未婚警察,学历低的警察倦怠程度较高。结论修订后的MBI-HSS可作为测量我国警察工作倦怠的有效工具。警察的工作倦怠在性别、警龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度方面存在差异。     

多项能力倾向测验(MAT)的效度研究

目的 :对多项能力倾向测验 (MAT)进行效度研究。方法 :研究结构效度 (探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析等 )和实证效度 (以不同的职业群体区分 ,训练成绩、领导评定和韦氏成人智力测验作效标 )。结果 :结构效度 :各分量表分与总分相关较高 (0 .6 9～ 0 .80 ) ,动作稳定分量表与总分相关较低 (0 .2 9)。探索性因素分析抽取了特征值大于 1的四个因子 ;验证性因素分析的拟合指数CFI、NNFI均在 0 .95以上。实证效度 :MAT分数在不同职业群体之间、在不同学历群体之间差异显著 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ;MAT分数与三项训练成绩总分显著相关 ;MAT总分与领导评定总分显著相关 ;MAT分数与韦氏成人智力测验简式总分及相应分测验显著相关。结论 :MAT具有合理的结构效度和实证效度。     

The association between social support and the mental health of social workers and police officers who work with unaccompanied asylum-seeking refugee children’s forced repatriation: A Swedish experience

This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of social support and its association with mental health amongst social workers and police officers in forced repatriation work of unaccompanied asylum-seeking refugee children. Nationally distributed surveys to social workers and police officers with and without experience of forced repatriation were used, measured by an abbreviated version of the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI), and analyzed by univariate and multivariable regression models. Social workers in forced repatriation showed significantly poorer mental health than other social workers, but simultaneously relatively high access to social support. Irrespective of working with forced repatriation, police officers reported relatively high access to social support, but no difference in mental health. Furthermore, low levels of satisfaction with social interaction and close emotional support increased the odds of psychological disturbances for police officers in forced repatriation. Findings are discussed with special regard to the complexity of forced repatriation, particularly when children are the focus.     

Training police trainees about ways to manage trauma and loss

For the second year we were invited to be trainers at a training seminar for senior police educators, held in the German Federal Police University and sponsored by the European Police College, hence, having the opportunity to build on their previous applications. We applied exercises (psychoeducation, mindfulness/awareness, journaling, processing in dyads) that introduced in this training and designed to teach officers how to handle exposure to adversities and minimize potential negative consequences. Police officers expect exposure to potentially traumatic incidents, yet, often suffer deeply because of unresolved trauma related to handling horrific events. Our work aimed to open discussion in order to formulate a standard component in training curricula related to teaching police trainees ways to effectively handle and process trauma.