研究生主观幸福感与人格特征相关研究

目的探讨研究生的主观幸福感与人格的关系。方法采用艾森克人格问卷量表与总体主观幸福感量表（GWB）对200名研究生进行测验。结果（1）在专业、性别、年级、年龄、婚姻状况上及来源上，研究生的主观幸福感不存在显著差异。（2）相关分析表明外向性人格纬度与总体幸福感存在显著的正相关，神经质与总体幸福感存在显著的负相关。稳定外向型和稳定内向型人格的总体幸福感水平最高，其次是不稳定外向型人格，总体幸福感水平最低的是不稳定内向型人格。结论外向性与神经质等人格特征是影响研究生幸福感的重要因素。     

硕士生睡眠质量状况及其与心理健康的相关研究

目的了解硕士生睡眠质量状况及其与心理健康的关系;为提高硕士生的睡眠质量和心理健康水平提供参考。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对高校298名硕士生进行睡眠质量和心理健康调查。结果①以PSQI总分≥8作为判断睡眠质量问题的标准,27.4%的硕士生存在睡眠质量问题,睡眠质量不佳主要体现在日间功能障碍(58.4%)、入睡时间(38.6%)、睡眠质量(31%)和睡眠障碍(19.3%)。②一、二年级与三年级在入睡时间上存在显著差异(P<0.05)。公费和自费硕士生在PSQI总分和睡眠效率上存在显著性差异。文科和理科硕士生在催眠药物和日间功能障碍上存在显著性差异。年龄≥30岁和年龄<30岁的硕士生在睡眠效率上存在显著性差异。③硕士生PSQI总分及大多数成份与SCL-90各因子呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。④不同睡眠质量硕士生的心理健康状况分析显示,睡眠质量好、一般和差的硕士生在SCL-90均分及各因子得分上存在显著性差异。结论研究生睡眠质量不尽人意;睡眠质量与心理健康高度相关。各个部门及研究生自身应该引起高度重视,保证良好睡眠,促进身心健康。     

Postgraduate school of obstetrics and gynecology and nongovernmental organizations: is collaboration possible?

We report the collaboration between the First Postgraduate School of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Milan, Italy, and the nongovernmental organization “Emergency” that operates through its own hospitals in countries devastated by armed conflicts. The collaboration was centered on the maternity clinic that Emergency opened in 2003 in northern Afghanistan. After a woman resident spent 5 months on-site, the collaboration is now extended to all residents with a group with four areas of intervention: guidelines, clinical records and data collection, drugs and medical devices, and teaching material. In addition, it offers consultation by e-mail for any clinical issue that might arise.     

对－苯二甲酸衍生物的合成及其诱导分化HL－60细胞的活性

作者合成了１３个对－苯二甲酸衍生物，其中有９个化合物尚未见文献报道。通过对ＨＬ－６０细胞诱导分化活性试验，发现有两个化合物在浓度为５×１０￣（－６）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，可使细胞分化率达５５％，低于维Ａ酸的分化率（７９％，１０￣（－７）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）。     

A postgraduate teaching course in laparoscopic surgery

A teaching course in laparoscopic surgery was addressed to 21 young postgraduates as a part of their general surgery program with the aim of making them familiar with the basic principles of laparoscopic surgery. The methodology was based on tutorial teaching and learning by problems; the students worked in little groups elaborating check lists, discussing problems, and practising with laparoscopic training devices. Theoretical learning, practical abilities, and efficacy of tutorial teaching were investigated at the end of the course: the participant's understanding of instrument function, mastering of equipment, and solutions to clinical problems were good, as were the efficiency and pleasantness of the didactic method. Tutorial teaching seems to be a valid model for basic training in laparoscopic surgery in a modern medical education program.     

加强预防医学研究生分会工作的分析与建议

对公卫研究生分会的工作进行调查与分析 ,结果学院领导和研究生管理部门对分会工作比较关心和支持 ;分会工作计划切实可行 ;分会干部的积极性、表率作用及组织的学术活动较好。但对分会组织的文体活动不够满意。建议 :增设公卫研究生分会活动基金 ;举办人文知识讲座 ;邀请知名的研究生导师作专题学术报告 ;增加活动场地和改善体育设施 ;组织活泼多样的文体活动 ,尤其是英语口语活动     

医学硕士研究生价值观的调查分析及教育对策

通过对在读医学硕士研究生价值观的问卷调查,反映当代研究生价值观现状.通过讨论分析,提出了加强研究生价值观教育的对策.     

澳大利亚阿德莱德大学牙学院口腔正畸学专业研究生培养模式

目的学习和借鉴国外口腔正畸学专业研究生的培养模式。方法通过调研与考察，归纳、总结、介绍澳大利亚阿德莱德大学牙学院口腔正畸学专业研究生的培养模式。结果从入学考试、课程教学、临床训练、科研训练、教学训练、考核评估六个方面，归纳总结了澳大利亚阿德莱德大学牙学院口腔正畸学专业研究生的培养模式。结论这种以临床训练为主、科研训练为辅，口腔正畸学专业研究生与口腔正畸学专科医师培养相结合的模式，可以为我国口腔医学专业研究生教育，以及口腔正畸学专科医师的培养提供参考和借鉴。     

Train the trainers!

With the introduction of training programmes and logbooks for basic postgraduate training and subspecialty training, the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology has given impulses to harmonise training in obstetrics and gynecology in the European Union. Current changes in the practice of medicine, among which the European Working Time Directive, numbers of surgical procedures decreasing, more demanding patients and a change in work ethos, challenge both trainers and trainees to optimise postgraduate training. For training to be effective and efficient, it is necessary to clearly define learning goals and outcomes and to create a stimulating educational environment. This requires trainers who (a) have knowledge of adult learning and educational theory and (b) will act as facilitators of the learning process of postgraduate trainees. Most of the doctors involved in postgraduate training have not had any formal formation to be a trainer. Teacher professionalisation offers the medical professional a framework to increase efficiency as a trainer. In this article, an introduction to educational practice for the medical professional is given. Several aspects of adult learning, such as the learning cycle, appraisal and assessment, and giving feedback, are discussed.     

虚拟现实技术应用于外科学研究生手术技能培训效果与评价

目的　探讨将虚拟现实（VR）技术应用于外科学研究生手术技能培训的可行性,并对其培训效果进行评价。方法　以创建肾切除术的VR软件为例,将该VR软件应用于外科学研究生的手术培训,并与传统教学方式进行比较,了解其培训效果。同时发放调查问卷,了解该VR软件的性能特点及技术优势。采用ＳＰＳＳ 23.0进行t检验。结果　采用VR软件培训组的考试成绩[（92.17±0.38）分]明显优于传统教学方式培训组的考试成绩[（87.94±0.43）分],差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。共回收有效调查问卷35份,82%以上的调查对象认为VR手术教学具有训练画面逼真、立体感强、界面友好、操控简单、交互性良好、便于全维度观看、课程内容精彩丰富、学习效果好、能够激发学习兴趣等优势,100%调查对象认为VR手术教学能够替代传统手术教学方法。结论　将VR技术应用于外科学研究生手术技能的培训具有可行性;将VR技术应用于外科学研究生手术技能培训的效果明显优于传统教学方式,值得进一步推广应用。