基于LabVIEW构架的多道心电生理记录仪开发及临床应用

迄今多道生理记录仪已成为心脏介入术及医学基础研究不可缺少的重要设备。本研究首创用美国国家仪器 (NI)公司的 L ab VIEW开发系统为软件基本构架 ,自制低噪声多道前置放大器 ,配合 DAQ数据采集模块和通用计算机为开发硬件平台 ,研制了临床实用型多道心电生理记录仪。产品具有心电生理实时显示 ,数字高通、低通、5 0 Hz陷波和增益调节 ,即时存贮、任意回放和打印 ,基本程控刺激等功能。仪器小型化、经济实用、使用灵活 ,有利于心脏介入诊疗技术在医院推广和应用。     

Antisociality, underarousal and the validity of the Concealed Information Polygraph Test

The Concealed Information Polygraph Test has been advocated as the preferred method for the physiological detection of deception. In this study, we further examined the validity of the Concealed Information Test in antisocial individuals. Physiological responding to concealed information was assessed in 48 male prisoners, and compared with responding in 31 male community volunteers. Based upon the association between antisociality and autonomic hyporesponsivity, lower detection rates were expected in the prisoners. Participants were questioned on five personally significant items (e.g., day of birth), instructed to deny recognition of this information, and promised a financial reward when able to hide recognition. Prisoners showed reduced autonomic reactivity in comparison to the community volunteers. This hyporesponsivity had little impact on the sensitivity of the Concealed Information Test. Detection efficiency in the prisoners was significantly above chance (d=2.67; a=0.82; 79%), and did not differ significantly from that obtained in the community volunteers (d=3.04; a=0.85; 87%). The present data support the validity of the Concealed Information Test in criminal populations.     

Strength of memory encoding affects physiological responses in the Guilty Actions Test

The Guilty Actions Test (GAT) is a valid and scientifically sound technique of forensic psychophysiology that allows for the detection of concealed memories. However, its application has been challenged because the results might be affected by the culprit's forgetting of crime details as well as the leakage of information to innocents. In the current study, these aspects were examined by varying the amount of time between a mock crime and the subsequent GAT, as well as by contrasting culprits with informed innocents. It turned out that culprits specifically forgot peripheral crime details during a period of 2 weeks whereas informed innocents showed similar forgetting for all details. As a consequence, GAT validity based on electrodermal, respiratory and heart rate measures remained temporally stable for culprits whereas the amount of false positive errors for informed innocents decreased as a function of time. These results indicate that the process of memory encoding and consolidation has significant effects on the physiological response pattern in the GAT.     

Cuff Pressure Oscillations in the Measurement of Relative Blood Pressure

The continuous relative blood pressure measure obtained with a partially-inflated arm blood-pressure cuff operates under the same principle as the oscillometric method of blood pressure determination. In psychophysiological studies the rise in blood pressure seen, for example, in response to an emotion-evoking question, produces a rise in cuff pressure, along with any of three pulse-amplitude changes: a decrease, no change, or an increase. These seemingly paradoxical responses which accompany an increase in blood pressure may be explained by considering the relationship of cuff pressure to the cuff pressure for maximum oscillations. Experiments were conducted in which cuff pressure and its oscillations were recorded. Indications of an increase in blood pressure, and the pulse-amplitude changes resulting there from, were obtained at different cuff pressures in the same subject. The results confirm the hypothesis that with cuff pressure below the point of maximum oscillation, an increase in blood pressure results in a decrease in pulse amplitude. With a cuff pressure just above the point of maximum oscillations, an increase in blood pressure results in an increase in pulse amplitude.     

Covert respiration measures for the detection of concealed information

A mock-theft experiment was designed to assess the efficiency of two covert respiration measures in detection of concealed information. The covert measures were further compared with three standard measures typically used for the detection of concealed knowledge (electrodermal, respiration and finger pulse measures). Results revealed that the covert respiration measures produced good discrimination between "guilty" (participants possessing concealed knowledge) and "innocent" participants. One of the covert measures produced detection efficiency that was similar to that of the standard respiration and finger pulse measures, but less than the electrodermal measure.     

Integrated zone comparison polygraph technique accuracy with scoring algorithms

The Integrated Zone Comparison Technique (IZCT) was utilized with computerized polygraph instrumentation as part of a blind study in the detection of deception. Three scoring algorithms: ASIT Poly Suite (Academy for Scientific Investigative Training's Horizontal Scoring and Algorithm for Chart Interpretation), PolyScore 5.5, and the Objective Scoring System (OSS) were assessed in the interpretation of the charts generated. Where "Inconclusives" were excluded, accuracy for the IZCT with all three algorithms was 100%. When "Inconclusives" were counted as errors, overall accuracy for the IZCT with ASIT Poly Suite was 90% and accuracy with PolyScore and the Objective Scoring System was 72%.     

Effects of Motivation and Verbal Response Type on Psychophysiological Detection of Information

Two independent experiments were designed to investigate the effects of motivation to deceive and the type of verbal response on psychophysiological detection using the Guilty Knowledge Technique. The first was a field experiment in which 72 subjects were randomly assigned to 8 experimental conditions. These conditions were created by a 2 x 4 factorial design (two motivational states crossed with four verbal response modes--affirming, denying, repeating, or no verbal response to questions about personal information). The second experiment was a laboratory experiment in which 160 students were assigned to the same 8 conditions. Results of both experiments indicated that highly motivated subjects were detected better than less motivated subjects. The act of lying was associated with enhanced differential responsivity, but no effects were obtained for verbal response versus no response or for variable versus standard verbal response. Differential responsivity tended to decline when questions were repeated. The first experiment revealed a clear advantage of electrodermal measures over respiration and cardiovascular measures. The results were discussed in relation to previous findings, a new theoretical formulation, and practical implications.     

DUAL CHART DRIVE FOR GRASS POLYGRAPH

A modification of a polygraph in which a second chart drive is incorporated to allow simultaneous recording at two different chart speeds is described. The auxiliary chart drive is of the same type as the original, having ten speeds and operating independently of the original. Specific uses of the two-chart system are discussed.     

The Psychopath and the Lie Detector

The article by Raskin and Hare (1978) asserts or very plainly implies that: 1) the control question lie test is extraordinarily accurate; 2) that this high accuracy can be achieved by objective scoring of the polygraph charts; 3) that the theory of this test is psychologically reasonable and was confirmed by the experiment reported; 4) that subjects give qualitatively different autonomic responses when lying than they do when telling the truth; and 5) that the experiment described shows that psychopaths can no more “beat” the lie detector than non-psychopaths. All of these socially important claims or implications are critically examined and all of them are found to be untenable.     

The Quadri-Track Zone Comparison Technique: It''s just not science: A critique to Mangan, Armitage, and Adams (2008)

We argue that the article by Mangan and co-workers on the Quadri-Track Zone Comparison Technique is an example of the failure of the peer-review procedure. This study is not properly grounded in current psychophysiology on lie detection. It also lacks the defining characteristics, such as a replicable methodology, of a proper scientific study. The finding that the Quadri-Track Zone Comparison Technique is highly accurate is likely due to a methodological artefact, and deserved no place in a peer-reviewed journal.