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《Disability and health journal》2020,13(3):100885
BackgroundA majority of youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have disrupted sleep patterns, but there has been limited research examining factors associated with sleep in this population. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare demographic and lifestyle behaviors with sleep quality in youth with ASD. Methods: A total of 49 children (12.44 years; 78% male) with ASD wore the Actigraph GT9X accelerometer over seven days and nights to assess moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior (SB), total sleep duration, and sleep efficiency. Parents reported their child’s weekly amount of screen time and demographic information. Participants were classified according to whether they met sleep criteria for duration and efficiency (8–9 h of sleep duration and ≥85% sleep efficiency). T-tests and ANOVA were used to compare demographic and lifestyle factors between the groups. Results: Participants who meet both sleep duration and efficiency criteria had greater minutes of MVPA per day (113.65 min/day) than participants who only met sleep efficiency criteria (40.27 min/day) and participants who did not meet either sleep criteria (67.5 min/day; p < 0.0001). Additionally, participants who met both sleep criteria had fewer minutes of SB compared to those who only met sleep efficiency criteria (384.79 vs 526.05 min/day; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Youth who had indicators of good sleep quality had greater amounts of MVPA and lower amounts of SB. Studies should further examine the relationship between sleep and health behaviors in youth with ASD to determine causal mechanisms, leading to more effective sleep interventions. 相似文献
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For children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), the real-time coupling between frontal executive function and online motor control has not been explored despite reported deficits in each domain. The aim of the present study was to investigate how children with DCD enlist online control under task constraints that compel the need for inhibitory control. A total of 129 school children were sampled from mainstream primary schools. Forty-two children who met research criteria for DCD were compared with 87 typically developing controls on a modified double-jump reaching task. Children within each skill group were divided into three age bands: younger (6–7 years), mid-aged (8–9), and older (10–12). Online control was compared between groups as a function of trial type (non-jump, jump, anti-jump). Overall, results showed that while movement times were similar between skill groups under simple task constraints (non-jump), on perturbation (or jump) trials the DCD group were significantly slower than controls and corrected trajectories later. Critically, the DCD group was further disadvantaged by anti-jump trials where inhibitory control was required; however, this effect reduced with age. While coupling online control and executive systems is not well developed in younger and mid-aged children, there is evidence of age-appropriate coupling in older children. Longitudinal data are needed to clarify this intriguing finding. The theoretical and applied implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
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Bernhard R. Slaap Irene M. van Vliet Herman G. M. Westenberg Johan A. Den Boer 《Psychopharmacology》1996,127(1-2):353-358
Little is known about biological predictors of treatment response in panic disorder (PD). In the present study heart rate,
blood pressure, plasma cortisol and plasma MHPG were investigated at baseline in a sample of 44 PD patients as possible predictors
for nonresponse to treatment. We used a strict definition of nonresponse to find patients who did not respond at all after
12 weeks of treatment with brofaromine or fluvoxamine. Patients were considered nonresponders when they fulfilled two criteria:
they did not show a 50% reduction of agoraphobic avoidance and they still experienced panic attacks at endpoint. The variables
that differed significantly between the groups were used to predict nonresponse to drug therapy. Using this strict definition
of nonresponse, 15 patients (32.6%) were considered nonresponders. These patients were characterised by a higher plasma MHPG
concentration and a higher heart rate at baseline. These variables were subsequently used to predict nonresponse. 相似文献
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Hiroshi Uno Yoshihiro Izawa Kiyoshi Sagara Tamotsu Koyama Tokutaro Makita Chia-Yuan Hsu-Chang Mitsugi Sugiyama 《Journal of bone and mineral metabolism》1990,8(1):10-16
The effect of 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1α(OH)D3) on the metabolic bone disorders developed in gastrectomized rats were investigated biochemically and histomorphologically.
1α(OH)D3 was suspended in 0.2 % Triton-X-100 aqueous solution after dissolving in a very small amount of ethanol, was given orally
to the rats for 10 weeks. The sham operated animals and the gastrectomy control animals received the vehicle alone. Gastrectomy
was followed by the development of the metabolic bone disorders after 10 weeks of observation. This was characterized by reduction
in ash content of the femur and histologically by a disappearance of the trabecular bone in tibial metaphysis. Decrease Ca
absorption from the intestines was demonstrated by a radiotracer technique. Biochemical studies showed significant decreases
in serum 25(OH)D concentration in gastrectomized rats. These findings suggest that gastrectomy partially impairs intestinal
absorption of calcium and results in a negative calcium balance, which may contribute to the development of bone metabolic
disorders in rats. The administration of 1α(OH)D3 increased dose-dependently serum calcium and Ca absorption from the intestine and prevented the development of bone metabolic
disorders histomorphologically. 相似文献
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In a sample of 55 consecutive methadone maintenance admissions to our clinic, 42% were diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) using the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule NIMH DIS. Individuals with ASPD exhibited greater risk for HIV infection as defined by more sexual contacts, needle use and equipment sharing. Data at 1 year follow-up were obtained on this group of patients. The objective was to compare the ASPD and non-ASPD groups with regards to demographics, drug abuse history, outcome and retention in treatment. There were no significant differences between the groups on any demographic or treatment outcome variables. Survival analysis indicated that there were no group differences in treatment retention. In conclusion, although there were no differences in treatment outcome between ASPD and non-ASPD groups it is possible that ASPD patients who drop out of treatment will be at higher risk for contracting and spreading HIV within the IV drug using population. These data also suggest that in this population the diagnosis of ASPD using primarily behavioral traits as measured in the NIMH-DIS-III, has little utility in predicting treatment outcome. 相似文献
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2型糖尿病并脂肪肝与血脂紊乱的关系探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 探讨 2型糖尿病并脂肪肝患者与脂代谢紊乱之间的关系。方法 对 60例 2型糖尿病并脂肪肝和 5 2例 2型糖尿病不并有脂肪肝病例的血脂谱 ,空腹血糖 (FPG ) ,餐后 2小时血糖 ( 2hPG) ,空腹胰岛素 (FINS)进行测定 ,计算体重指数 (BMI)及胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI)。结果 2型糖尿病并脂肪肝与不并脂肪肝相比 ,甘油三脂 (TG) ,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL -C) ,FINS均升高 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,而ISI明显降低 (P <0 .0 1)、脂蛋白a(Lp(a)降低(P <0 .0 5 )。结论 2型糖尿病并脂肪肝比不并脂肪肝者存在明显脂代谢紊乱及胰岛素抵抗 相似文献