毫米波辐射对白血病细胞的细胞结构、自由基和bcl-2基因表达的影响

目的 研究毫米波辐射对白血病细胞株的细胞结构、培养体系中的氧化自由基和抗氧化酶系,以及bcl-2基因表达的影响。方法 电镜显微技术研究细胞结构的变化,AnnexinV/PI双染法结合流式细胞术分析细胞株凋亡和坏死,硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）法和邻苯三酚法测定细胞株培养体系中的脂质过氧化物（LPO）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量变化;流式细胞仪结合荧光标记抗体检测bcl-2基因表达。结果 毫米波辐射使白血病细胞株细胞结构产生显著的退行性变化,显著诱导细胞凋亡和坏死,抑制细胞活力,脂质过氧化物含量上升,SOD含量下降,bcl-2基因的表达显著下降。结论 毫米波辐射有明显的诱导白血病细胞凋亡的效应,其机制与辐射后氧化自由基水平上升、抗氧化酶系活性下降及bcl-2基因的表达下降有关。     

氧化低密度脂蛋白诱导Zucker肥胖大鼠肾小球系膜细胞AP-1活性的变化

目的 :研究氧化低密度脂蛋白 (oxidizedlow densitylipoprotein ,Ox LDL)对体外培养的Zucker大鼠肾小球系膜细胞 (glomerularmesangialcell,GMC)中核转录因子激活蛋白 1(activatorprotein 1,AP 1)活化的影响 ,以及观察Ox LDL诱导的AP 1活性的变化与Zucker大鼠鼠龄以及基因型的相关性。　 方法 :①采用Zucker肥胖大鼠 (3月龄和 10月龄 )及Zucker瘦型大鼠 (3月龄和 10月龄 )的 4种GMC株 (O3m,O10m,L3m,L10m)进行传代培养。②利用凝胶迁移率实验 (EMSA)和超迁移率实验检测不同浓度及不同时相Ox LDL对Zucker大鼠GMCAP 1活性的影响 ,以及AP 1二聚体中c jun和c fos成分的变化。　 结果 :①经Ox LDL诱导后 ,4个组GMC内AP 1活性均较对照组明显增强 (F =177 84 ,P <0 0 1) ;②随着Ox LDL刺激浓度增加和时间的延长 ,GMC内AP 1活性相应增强 ,5 0mg/L的Ox LDL刺激 8h时 ,AP 1活性强度达最高峰 ;③Ox LDL主要激活AP 1二聚体成分中的c jun ;④O10m组AP 1的活性显著高于O3m组 (P <0 0 1) ,L10m组AP 1的活性显著高于L3m组 (P <0 0 1) ,O10m组显著高于L10m组 (P <0 0 1) ,O3m组显著高于L3m组 (P <0 0 1)。　 结论 :Ox LDL可诱导Zucker大鼠GMC内AP 1活化 ,其活化方式呈时间和剂量依赖 ;活化强度与大鼠的基因型及鼠龄     

Reshaping of T-lymphocyte compartment in adult prepubertaly ovariectomised rats: A putative role for progesterone deficiency

This study explores the role of ovarian hormones in the phenotypic shaping of peripheral T-cell pool over the reproductive lifespan of rats. For this purpose, 2-month-old prepubertally ovariectomised (Ox) rats, showing oestrogen and progesterone deficiency, and 11-month-old Ox rats, exhibiting only progesterone deficiency, were examined for thymus output, and cellularity and composition of major TCRαβ+ peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) and splenocyte subsets. Although ovariectomy increased thymic output in both 2- and 11-month-old rats, the count of both CD4+ and CD8+ PBLs and splenocytes increased only in the former. In the blood and spleen of 11-month-old Ox rats only the count of CD8+ cells increased. Although ovariectomy affected the total CD4+ count in none of the examined compartments from the 11-month-old rats, it increased CD4+FoxP3+ PBL and splenocyte relative proportions over those in the age-matched controls. The age-related differences in the cellularity and the major subset composition in Ox rats were linked to the differences in the ovarian steroid hormone levels registered in 2- and 11-month-old rats. The administration of progesterone to Ox rats during the seven days before the sacrificing confirmed contribution of this hormone deficiency to the ovariectomy-induced changes in the TCRαβ+ PBL and splenocyte pool from 11-month-old rats. The expansion of the CD8+ splenocyte subset in the 11-month-old Ox rats reflected increases in cellularity of memory and, particularly, naïve cells. This was due to greater thymic output of CD8+ cells and homeostatic proliferation than apoptosis in 11-month-old Ox rats when compared with age-matched sham-Ox control rats. The homeostatic changes within CD8+ splenocyte pool from 11-month-old Ox rats, most likely, reflected the enhanced splenic IL-7 and TGF-β mRNA expression. Overall, in adult female rats, circulating oestrogen and progesterone provide maintenance of T-cell counts, a diversity of T-cell repertoire, and the main T-cell subset composition in the periphery. Progesterone deficiency affects mainly the CD8+ lymphocyte compartment through increasing thymic CD8+ cell export and upsetting homeostatic regulation within the CD8+ splenocyte pool. These alterations were reversible through progesterone supplementation.     

六应丸中牛黄有效成分的薄层扫描

六应丸由牛黄、蟾酥、珍珠、冰片等多味药组成,具有清热解毒、消炎、退肿、止痛等功效。徐俊平等曾对六应丸中的蟾毒内酯用紫外分光光度法进行分析,章育中等用薄层法测定了该丸中蟾酥成分的含量。本文用薄     

Novel inhibitors of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase expression in metastatic cancer cell lines

The plasminogen-activating (PA) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzyme systems are implicated in proteolytic turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) associated with biologic processes including wound healing, inflammation and angiogenesis. Aberrant expression of components of the PA and MMP enzyme systems occurs in the pathogenesis of metastatic cancer. Oxamflatin (Ox), a novel hydroxamic acid derivative, inhibits u-PA mRNA expression and proteolytic activity while simultaneously upregulating the expression of the natural inhibitor of u-PA, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) in metastatic cancer cells. We have characterized the effects of Ox and a novel derivative, Metacept-1 (MCT-1), on PA and MMP-mediated proteolysis and invasion in several metastatic tumor lines. Both compounds are able to inhibit u-PA-, MMP-2- and MMP-9-mediated gene expression at low micromolar concentrations as well as u-PA- and MMP-mediated proteolysis as assessed by zymography, with MCT-1 being the more effective of the 2 agents in some assays. Cellular invasion assays correlate with gene expression and zymography experiments identifying both Ox and MCT-1 as able to inhibit invasion of metastatic cancer cell lines through matrigel at nanomolar concentrations, with MCT-1 more effective than Ox in 2 of the 3 cancer cell lines assessed.     

降浊汤对缺血性中风Ox－LDL、D－DI浓度与再中风临床研究

目的观察中药降浊汤对缺血性中风后血浆Ox-LDL(氧化修饰型低密度脂蛋白),D-DIMER(D-二聚体)浓度和血脂改变与再次缺血性中风的相关性.方法72例缺血性中风病例,随机单盲分为中药治疗组36例,服用降浊汤加M-ASA(肠溶阿斯匹林),西药对照组36例,单服M-ASA.病人自缺血性中风症状和体征稳定开始,连续随访观察6个月.结果中药组有1例发生再中风,西药对照组发生再中风3例.中药组开始时Ox-LDL浓度为1021±102μg/dl(x±s),治疗后为604±77μg/dl,前后比较差异显著(P＜0.001).西药对照组开始时Ox-LDL为911±105μg/dl,治疗后893±68μg/dl,治疗前后无明显差异(P＞0.05).两组间比较有差异(P＜0.05).中药组与西药对照组治疗前D-DIMER浓度分别为1.01±0.22与1.02±0.19μg/dl,治疗后为0.62±0.34与0.58±0.27μg/dl,(P＜0.05,P＜0.05)但组间比较无差异(P＞0.05).治疗组还显示一定降脂作用.结论中药降浊汤能降低Ox-LDL浓度,当伍用M-ASA时,在预防再次缺血性中风方面比单用M-ASA效果更好.     

氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白对培养人动脉平滑肌细胞周期及增殖细胞核抗原的影响

应用流式细胞仪对氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ）刺激动脉平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）增殖、细胞周期及增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）、Ｐ５３、Ｐ２７及ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ蛋白表达的影响进行了观察。结果发现：Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ和天然低密度脂蛋白（Ｎ－ＬＤＬ）刺激培养人动脉ＳＭＣ细胞增殖时其Ｓ期细胞百分率增加，且Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ的作用比Ｎ－ＬＤＬ强，表明Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ和Ｎ－ＬＤＬ刺激ＳＭＣ细胞增殖时与Ｓ期细胞的增加有关；Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ刺激ＳＭＣ增殖的同时ＰＣＮＡ蛋白阳性率增加，而与Ｐ５３、Ｐ２７和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白的表达无关。提示ＰＣＮＡ可能参与了Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ刺激ＳＭＣ的细胞增殖作用；特异性蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）抑制剂ＧＦ１０９２０３Ｘ能降低Ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ刺激ＳＭＣ增殖过程中ＰＣＮＡ的阳性率，表明该细胞增殖过程中ＰＣＮＡ表达的抑制可能与ＰＫＣ信号传递通路有关。     

Antigen-binding molecules of T-cells charge heterogeneity and structural lability

T-cell products released by immune cells during culture and which bind specifically the nominal antigens, trinitrophenol (TNP) or oxazalone, were isolated from culture media by hapten-affinity chromatography and compared by isoelectric focusing and 2D-gel analysis. These proteins and an azobenzenearsonate-specific T-cell product synthesized in vitro by translation of mRNA from an azobenzenearsonate-specific T-cell hybrid were also compared for structural lability of the polypeptides. Polyclonal T-cell antigen-binding molecules (TABM) specific for TNP or oxazalone showed marked charge heterogeneity and distinctions in isoelectric focusing in an acidic pH gradient, while the azobenzenearsonate-specific, clonal T-cell product displayed restricted focusing. All TABM studied showed dissociation of Mr 70,000 polypeptides to Mr 45,000 and 25,000 polypeptides after treatment with guanidine. The results provide further evidence for distinctions and similarities between TABM.     

氧化型低密度脂蛋白及脂质代谢对老年脑梗死的影响

目的探讨氧化型低密度脂蛋白(Ox-LDL)对老年脑梗死的作用及影响.方法对30例老年脑梗死患者进行了血浆Ox-LDL、高密度脂蛋白-C,(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-C,(LDL-C)、Cho、TG、apoA、apoB,血浆内皮素水平测定,同时观察血液流变学指标,并与23例健康老年人对照.结果老年脑梗死组血浆Ox-LDL、内皮素水平明显增高;LDL-C、Cho、TG与对照组比较亦增高;HDL-C降低,血液流变学指标明显异常,而且Ox-LDL的变化与血浆内皮素水平、血液流变学指标呈正相关,与HDL-C、LDL-C、Cho、TG、apoA、apoB无明显相关性.结论Ox-LDL导致动脉粥样硬化,促进血浆内皮素分泌,影响血液流变性,引起脑缺血、缺氧促进脑梗死的发生和发展.     

Pomegranate peel and fruit extracts: A review of potential anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) has been used for centuries in many cultures for the prevention and treatment of a wide number of health disorders such as inflammation, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, dental plaque and to combat intestinal infections and malarial parasites.

Aim of the review

This review aims at providing an up-to-date overview of the chemical constituents, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Punica granatum L. Moreover, the focus of this review is the possible exploitation of this species to treat different diseases and to suggest future investigations.

Materials and methods

An extensive and systematic review of the extant literature was carried out, and the data under various sections were identified by using a computerized bibliographic search via PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. All abstracts and full-text articles were examined. The most relevant articles were selected for screening and inclusion in this review.

Key findings

A variety of pomegranate ethnomedical uses have been recorded. Additionally, over the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase of interest in pomegranate as a medicinal and nutritional product due to its n1ewly identified potential health effects, which include treatment and prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. From the toxicological perspective, pomegranate fruit juice, extracts and preparations have been proven to be safe.

Conclusions

The ethnopharmacological relevance of pomegranate is fully justified by the most recent findings indicating the fruit is a medicinal and nutritional agent useful for treating a wide range of human disorders and maladies. Further investigations are needed to fully understand the mode of action of the active constituents and to fully exploit pomegranate’s preventive and therapeutic potential.