Near-infrared fluorescence imaging improves the nodal yield in neck dissection in oral cavity cancer – A randomized study

IntroductionLymph node yield (LNY) in neck dissection has been identified as a prognostic factor in oral cavity cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of additional use of optical imaging on LNY in therapeutic ND in oral cancer.MethodsConsecutive patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma with clinical neck metastasis planned for primary tumor resection were randomized to conventional neck dissection or near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF)-guided neck dissection, respectively. In the intervention group, patients were injected with ICG-Nanocoll prior to surgery. Intraoperatively, an optical hand-held camera system was used for lymph node identification. Also, NIRF imaging of the neck specimen was performed, and optical signals were pinned with needle markings to guide the pathological examination. The endpoint of the study was LNY per neck side in levels Ib-III.Results31 patients were included with 18 neck sides in the control group and 18 neck sides in the intervention group for evaluation. During NIRF-guided ND, individual lymph nodes could be identified by a bright fluorescent signal and individual tumor-related drainage patterns could be observed in the neck. The LNY in the intervention group was significantly higher compared to the control group (p = 0.032) with a mean of 24 LN (range: 12–33 LN in levels Ib-III compared to 18 LN (range: 10–36 LN) in the control group, respectively.ConclusionsNIRF-guided ND significantly improved the nodal yield compared to the control group. Intraoperative real-time optical imaging enabled direct visualization of tumor-related drainage patterns within the neck lymphatics.     

单蒂横行腹直肌肌皮瓣乳房再造中Ⅳ区皮瓣的取舍

目的探讨单蒂横行腹直肌肌皮瓣乳房再造术中Ⅳ区皮瓣的取舍。方法通过16例实施单蒂横行腹直肌肌皮瓣乳房再造术，术中观察皮瓣的皮色、断面出血颜色，并利用近红外血氧监测仪测定皮瓣各区的组织血氧饱和度，决定Ⅳ区皮瓣的取舍。术后观察指标包括术后并发症及美学效果。结果16例中5例Ⅳ皮瓣的肤色正常、断面出血呈鲜红色而非暗红色、组织血氧饱和度不低于Ⅲ区组织血氧饱和度的95％。在接受了保留Ⅳ区皮瓣的单蒂横行腹直肌肌皮瓣乳房再造术后，再造乳房全部成活，无严重术后并发症，患者对再造乳房均很满意。结论近红外血氧无创检测有助于决定Ⅳ区皮瓣的取舍。有选择地实施保留Ⅳ区皮瓣的单蒂横行腹直肌肌皮瓣乳房再造术，可用于大面积胸壁缺损或乳腺尾叶的修复重建。     

近红外信息辐照对免疫抑制大鼠体液免疫功能的影响

本实验观察了近红外信息辐照(辐照)对免疫抑制大鼠体液免疫功能的调整作用。取大鼠54只随机分为三组:甲组各鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺(CY,75mg/kg)和伤寒沙门氏菌鞭毛抗原(HAg,7×10~8菌体/只),同时各鼠每天全身辐照1h,共4周;乙组腹腔注射CY和HAg丙组仅腹腔注射HAg。结果甲、乙、丙三组于第四周末的存活率分别为83.3％、38.1％和66.7％(甲与乙组比较P<0.05);第四周末血清总IgG含量分别为141.4±17.6U/ml,120.3±16.6U/ml和117.0±22.9U/ml(甲组与其它两组比较P<0.01);第二周末抗H抗体效价分别为1:91.9、1:46.6和1:149.3(甲与乙组比较P<0.05;乙与丙组比较P<0.01)。结果表明,辐照对免疫功能低下的机体有增强免疫功能的作用。     

近红外漫反射光谱技术在甘草指纹图谱中的研究

本文采用光纤近红外漫反射光谱技术对不同产地、不同采收时间、不同级别、不同部位的甘草进行考察,通过非侵入方式获得植物内在成分信息,应用系统聚类分析方法获得分类结果,探索了NIRS在植物分类中的应用途径和方法。方法学研究表明,本法具有快捷、无损和重现性高地表达植物化学信息的特点,可作为中药分类中的一个强有力的工具。     

Fluorescence ureteral navigation during laparoscopic surgery for clinically suspected stage T4 colorectal cancer: A cohort study

BackgroundApproximately 15% of patients with colorectal cancer present with locally advanced tumors (T4 stage). Laparoscopic surgery for stage T4 disease has not yet been established.The near-infrared ray catheter fluorescent ureteral catheter (NIRFUC) is a new device that uses near-infrared fluorescence resin.We examined the utility of fluorescence ureteral navigation (FUN) with the NIRFUC during laparoscopic surgery for stage T4 colorectal cancer.Materials and methodsPatients with stage T4 colorectal cancer (n = 143, from January 2017 to March 2021) were divided into a T4FUN + group, in which the NIRFUC was used (n = 21), and a T4FUN- group, in which the NIRFUC was not used (n = 122). Short-term outcomes were compared between the groups.Next, the laparoscopic surgery rate and incidence of ureteral injury from January 2017 to March 2021 were compared between the T4FUN- group and the non-stage T4FUN- group (n = 434, from January 2017 to March 2021), in which fluorescence ureter navigation was not used.ResultsRectal cancer, stage T4b disease, and invasion into the urinary tract were observed more often in the T4FUN + group than in the T4FUN- group.In the comparisons of the T4FUN + versus T4FUN- groups, the operative time was 398 (161–1090) vs. 256 (93–839) minutes, the blood loss was 10 (1–710) vs. 25 (0–1360) ml, and the ratio of laparoscopic surgery to open surgery was 21:0 vs. 79:43. Postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III) were present in 2 (10%; 0 ureteral injury) patients in the T4FUN + group and 13 (11%; 2 ureteral injury) patients in the T4FUN- group.In the T4FUN + group, the operative time was longer (p < 0.0001), but the laparoscopic ratio was higher (p = 0.0002), and the blood loss volume and incidence of ureteral injury tended to be lower.In the comparisons of the T4FUN- versus non-stage T4FUN- groups, the ratio of laparoscopic surgery to open surgery was 79:43 vs. 384:50, the incidence of open conversion was 8 (6.6%) vs. 15 (3.5%), and the incidence of ureteral injury was 2 (1.6%) vs. 0 (0%). In the T4FUN- group, the open surgery rate (<0.0001), open conversion rate (p = 0.0205) and incidence of ureteral injury (p = 0.0478) were high, with a significant difference observed between the groups.ConclusionPatients with stage T4 disease have an increased risk of ureteral injury and are more likely to be converted to open surgery.FUN can help to safely increase the laparoscopic surgery rate while safely visualizing the ureter. FUN is recommended for laparoscopic surgery in patients with stage T4 colorectal cancer.Clinical trial registrationExamination of fluorescence navigation for laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery; Research Ethics Committee of the Kawaguchi Municipal Medical Center (Saitama, Japan) approval number: 2020-3. https://kawaguchi-mmc.org/wp-content/uploads/clinical research-r02.pdf;     

Non-destructive determination of β-carotene content in mango by near-infrared spectroscopy compared with colorimetric measurements

Non-destructive applications for the detection of food quality, especially internal properties, are highly relevant for process control in the food industry. In this respect, colour measurement and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were evaluated and compared for their ability to predict β-carotene content in mango cv. ‘Nam Dokmai’. Colorimetric analysis of peel and flesh colour as well as NIR measurements in the short- (700–1100 nm) and long-wave regions (1000–2500 nm) were analysed for prediction ability. It was found that β-carotene content could be estimated by multiple linear regression (MLR) models developed from b* and hue angle (h°) values of the flesh with good results for coefficient of determination (R²) and standard errors of cross validation (SECV) of 0.941 and 10.2 retinol equivalents (RE) 100 g⁻¹ edible part (EP), respectively, while peel colour showed poor results. However, flesh colour measurement is a destructive method. NIRS calibration showed good results with R² > 0.800 and standard error of prediction (SEP) 11.642–20.2 RE 100 g⁻¹ EP. Long-wave NIR provided better prediction ability than short-wave. From these results, NIRS can be recommended for non-destructive and reliable determination of β-carotene content in mango. The results have implications for quality control in the industrial handling and processing of fruits.     

The relationship between positive and negative automatic thought and activity in the prefrontal and temporal cortices: A multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study

Background

Recently, neurobiological studies of the cognitive model of depression have become vastly more important, and a growing number of such studies are being reported. However, the relationship between the proportion of positive and negative automatic thought and activity in the prefrontal and temporal cortices has not yet been explored. We examined the relationship between brain activity and the proportion of positive and negative automatic thought in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

Methods

We recruited 75 individuals with MDD (36 females; mean age=39.23±12.49). They completed the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Revised, Japanese version of the National Adult Reading Test, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Brain activation was measured by 52-channel NIRS.

Results

We found that activation in the vicinity of the right superior temporal gyrus is related to a deviation to negative of the proportion of positive and negative thoughts in individuals with MDD. Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity was higher in the group with comparatively frequent positive thought.

Limitations

Our participants were patients taking antidepressant medication, which is known to influence brain activity. Second, the poor spatial resolution of NIRS increases the difficulty of identifying the measurement position.

Conclusions

We found that activation of the prefrontal and temporal cortices is related to the proportion of automatic thoughts in the cognitive model of depression.     

应用近红外光谱监测前臂皮瓣供区术后血运变化

目的：利用近红外光谱技术对前臂皮瓣供区术前及术后的血氧饱和度（SO2）进行监测,总结前臂桡侧皮瓣制备术后供区SO2的变化规律,探讨前臂桡侧皮瓣制备术对供区血运的影响。方法：临床上接受前臂皮瓣制备术的患者35例,选择前掌大鱼际、小鱼际作为前臂皮瓣供区监测部位。自术前1天至术后第7天,用近红外光谱血氧检测仪（TSAH-100）对供区和对侧相同监测部位的SO2进行监测,术后24 h内每4 h 1次,术后24 h后每天2次,持续至术后第7天。采用SPSS13.0软件包对大鱼际和小鱼际的SO2进行配对t检验,分析两者之间的差异。结果：前臂皮瓣供区大鱼际和小鱼际的SO2均呈现由低于对侧水平上升至高于对侧水平,然后逐渐下降至术前初始水平的变化特点。供区小鱼际SO2在术后20 h达到峰值,与对侧小鱼际相比有显著差异（P〈0.05）。供区大鱼际SO2在术后24 h达到峰值,术后12 h和术后48 h与对侧相差幅度较大,有显著差异（P〈0.05）。术后第7天,供区大鱼际和小鱼际SO2较对侧无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：前臂桡侧皮瓣制备术对其供区组织的血运产生了一定程度的影响。在无桡动脉和头静脉变异的情况下,桡动脉与尺动脉之间的交通支循环能保证前臂桡侧皮瓣术后供区的血流灌注量,其血运在术后6~7 d内基本恢复至术前状态。