Synaptonemal complex analysis in spermatocytes and oocytes of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Pisces,Salmonidae): the process of autosome and sex chromosome synapsis

The surface-spreading synaptonemal complex (SC) technique was employed to analyze spermatocytes and oocytes of rainbow trout in order to visualize the process of autosome and sex chromosome synapsis in this species. The structure of lateral elements (LEs) of the SC and the chromosome synapsis process at the stages of leptotene, zygotene and pachytene are described. Comparative analysis of SCs of spermatocytes and oocytes showed a difference in the synaptic process, i.e. in spermatocytes all LEs were synapsed before the appearance of centromeric regions in the biarmed elements, while in the oocytes some fully synapsed LEs, including the centromeric region of the biarmed elements, were found together with fully or partially unsynapsed LEs. In males the sex chromosome synapsis starts only after all autosomes have synapsed. Irregular synapses involving three or four LEs were found in 3.4% of the cells analyzed in mid or late zygotene. Multivalents were found in males and females. Some aspects of initial meiotic development and their implications in rainbow trout cytogenetics, genetics and evolution are discussed.     

乳腺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞AgNOR活性表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞AgNOR的活性表达及其与临床病理因素的相关性.方法:利用KL型图像分析系统检测80例乳腺癌患者,40例乳腺纤维腺瘤患者,25例乳腺炎症患者和75例健康人外周血T淋巴细胞AgNOR的活性表达(T淋巴细胞核仁银染面积与细胞核面积比值,即I.S%),并与乳腺癌患者临床病理因素进行相关性分析.双抗体夹心法检测乳腺癌患者CA153和CEA.结果:发现乳腺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞AgNOR的活性表达(5.88±6.05%)明显低于健康人(7.07±0.81%)、乳腺纤维腺瘤患者(6.58±0.72%)和乳腺炎症患者(9.58±0.68%)(P=0.000);乳腺炎症患者AgNOR的活性表达明显高于健康人、乳腺纤维腺瘤和乳腺癌患者(P=0.000);健康人与乳腺纤维腺瘤患者之间比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).乳腺癌患者AgNOR阳性率(65.00%)明显优于CA153(17.50%)和CEA(12.50%)的阳性率(P=0.000).AgNOR表达与乳腺癌临床分期有关(P＜0.05),而与年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移状况无相关性(P＞0.05).结论:AgNOR阳性表达可作为评价乳腺癌发生、发展的客观生物学指标;在乳腺癌诊断、鉴别诊断和病情监测等方面有重要意义.     

二甲基肼诱发小鼠大肠肿瘤核仁形成区观察

应用银染技术研究二甲基肼诱发小鼠大肠肿瘤及其背景粘膜隐窝上皮细胞的核仁形成区。发现癌细胞与异型隐窝细胞的Ag—NORs数目无明显差异,正常隐窝与增生性隐窝细胞的Ag—NORs数目无明显差异。但与异形隐窝细胞有显著差异。提示Ag—NORs可为大肠癌的癌前病变提供客观辅助诊断指标。     

大鼠肝癌发生中肝细胞核仁转录功能的变化

用硝酸银染色特异地显示细胞核内含有核糖体RNA(rBNA)基因的核仁组织区(NORs),多阶段观察SD大鼠肝癌发生中核仁转录功能的变化。用Gerlans的三阶段(启动—选择—促进)肝癌诱发模式,在大鼠肝内同步地诱导出癌前期病变如增生灶和结节。形态学测量结果显示诱癌8周后肝细胞核NORs面积的绝对与相对值均增加,此时肝内始出现增生灶及少量结节,在随后各点至实验末(24周)两值仍呈持续增高状态,而增生结节逐趋增多、增大。增生灶和结节内肝细胞核NORs银染变化最为显著。提示在肝癌发生中转化细胞rRNA合成增多或rRNA基因表达增强。涉及基因表达的此种改变可能在肿瘤转化中起重要作用。     

皮肤表皮良,恶性病变的核仁组成区定量研究

使用银染技术对皮肤乳头状瘤、表皮假癌状增生及高、中、低分化的鳞状细胞癌进行核仁组成区(AgNORs)定量观察。结果表明,皮肤乳头状瘤与表皮假癌状增生之间AgNORs无明显差异,鳞状细胞癌核内AgNORs颗粒的数目、大小及分布则与它们有明显差异(P<0.01)。3种不同分化程度的鳞状细胞癌,在平均每核AgNORs数目及周边型AgNORs颗粒等方面差异均非常显著(P<0.01)。这些结果提示,AgNORs定量观察不仅有助于良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别,而且还有助于恶性肿瘤的分级。     

Comparative chromosome and mitochondrial DNA analyses and phylogenetic relationships within common voles (Microtus, Arvicolidae)

The four species of common voles within the genus Microtus – M. kirgisorum, M. transcaspicus, M. arvalis, and M. rossiaemeridionalis – are so closely related that neither morphological features nor paleontological evidence allow clarification of their phylogeny. Analysis of vole karyotypes and mitochondrial DNA sequences, therefore, is essential for determining their phylogenetic relationships. A comparison of high resolution GTG-banding patterns allows us to ascertain the similarity between the karyotypes of these species, revealing that they are composed of rearrangements of the same chromosomal elements. Based on this analysis, we propose possible routes of chromosomal divergence involved in speciation within this group of voles and construct a phylogenetic tree of their karyotypes. We suggest that two different karyotypic variants existed during the course of vole evolution – one resulting in M. rossiaemeridionalis and M. transcaspicus, the other, M. kirgisorum and M. arvalis. As an alternative approach FITCH and KITSCH computer programs were used to construct a phylogenetic tree of vole molecular evolution based on a pairwise comparison of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences and the divergence time of the species was determined. The correlation between the trees constructed using karyologic and molecular approaches is discussed in the context of other available data.     

结肠腺瘤及结肠癌核仁组织区的形态学定量研究

本文对临床常规制片的54例正常结肠及结肠良恶性肿瘤组织切片进行银染核仁组织区技术(AgNOR染色)形态学定量观察,发现结肠腺上皮出现肿瘤性增生时,腺上皮细胞核的数量和AgNOR计数均明显增多;腺癌与绒毛状腺瘤在AgNOR颗粒的大小和形态方面均明显不同,但AgNOR计数并无显著差异。这提示对AgNOR颗粒大小,形态和计数分析,有助于鉴别诊断结肠腺瘤与腺癌,并且在探讨结肠腺瘤增生与癌变关系的机制方面亦有帮助。     

口腔粘膜良恶性病变Ag—NORs形态观察和定量研究

应用细胞核仁组成区嗜银蛋白染色技术，对８２例口腔粘膜急性恶性病变进行研究。结果表明，口腔粘恶性病变Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ团块形态不规则，分布离散；Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ计数明显高于正常口腔粘膜和良性病变组，但不同组织类型和分级的病性病主Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ计数无显著差异，与其生物学行为相一致。由此可见，Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ形态观察和定量研究有助于口腔粘膜良恶性病变的鉴别和癌前病变的早期诊断，但对不同组织类型恶性病变的区分和分     

胃癌及其癌前病变核仁组成区相关蛋白的研究

本研究应用核仁组成区相关蛋白(AgNOR)染色技术对31例肠上皮化生、11例中重度异型增生、16例肠型胃癌、14例胃型胃癌组织中的AgNOR进行研究,20例正常胃粘膜作对照。发现正常胃粘膜经肠上皮化生到异型增生至胃癌,AgNOR计数/细胞核随病变异型程度的加重而递增,各组间均见显著性差异(P<0.01～0.001),同时观察到胃癌组细胞核内AgNoR大小不等,弥漫分布,有的呈块状分布。结果提示AgNOR计数和形态特点有助于胃癌及癌前病变的鉴别。