The ‘space’ of friendship: young children's understandings and expressions of friendship in a reception class

The purpose of this study has been to explore young children's understandings and experiences of friendship as these manifested in children's behaviours, in a reception class setting. Drawing on an evolutionary, ecological framework, friendship is seen as not only the expression and further development of social understandings and cognitive advances; more than that, making and maintaining friends is seen as an evolutionary trait and a ‘drive’ to relate to similarly minded others. Through ‘niche picking’, children select the environments and opportunities that suit them in order to develop their dispositions and individual traits. The research employed a participatory design in order to capture the children's views and experiences. It took place in a reception class setting, where children's everyday experiences were observed and discussed with them. The study identified six themes of analysis and offered some suggestions about creating enabling educational environments that allow the ‘space’ for niche construction.     

医改尚未成功,路在何方?

目前我国医疗制度改革尚未取得成功,这与计划经济向市场经济转轨这历史时期及卫生工作的特殊性有关,出现问题,甚至失误,在所难免。提出(1)医改的目的是确保全国人民健康,人人享有医疗保健。(2)把卫生系统推向市场,医疗机构商业化,不是医改的方向。(3)预防为主,健全预防医学制系。(4)国家增加投入。(5)制定公立及私立医院各项制度,保护医务人员的合法权益。(6)加强社区基层医疗机构的建设。     

对高等教育大众化背景下中医药高等院校专业建设问题的思考

中医药高等院校专业建设应随着社会的进步发展和社会的需求而不断拓宽、延伸其专业领域，本文从中医药高校的专业延伸的必要性、建设原则以及专业延伸的思路等三个方面对中医药高等院校的专业建设工作提出了几点思考。     

Some practical perspectives for educating gifted children

This article identifies common characteristics of educationally related programs that form a common basis for understanding and working with gifted programs. Special approaches and programs for educational enrichment as well as specific activities that have been successful are discussed.     

高师地理学科的环境教育

党的十六大所提出的全面建设小康社会，是一个包括政治、经济、文化、环境乃至国民素质的综合概念。它特别要求国民具有健全的环境意识，良好的环境伦理道德和高尚的环境道德行为。作为担负着提高全体国民环境素质和培养中小学环境教育教师和地方环境建设服务三重使命的高师地理学科，面临着其环境教育的课程设置、教材建设和教师队伍建设等不可回避的课题，有必要进行深入探索。     

医院组织文化的认知调查分析

文章对组织文化调查问卷的认知部分进行了分析研究,并针对出现的问题,提出医院文化建设和管理方面的建议。     

组织工程学--21世纪面临的机遇与挑战

组织工程学是近20年来医学生命科学领域最具进展与挑战性的前沿科技领域之一,被誉为“一场意义深远的医学革命”、“再生医学的新时代”,标志着复制再生组织与器官的时代的来临!由于它具有修复创伤、重建功能、挽救生命、提高生存质量所特有的优势及巨大的社会、经济价值,而倍受国际学术界及各国政府的高度关注与支持。目前国际上组织工程皮肤、组织工程软骨已有产品面世,并得到美国FDA的批准,国际上已成立了近百家组织工程公司,我国多家大学、研究单位亦相继成立了组织工程研发中心或组织工程公司。目前不但可以构建组织工程化组织,而且复杂生命器官组织工程化构建亦已在国内外积极展开,同时,一些组织工程化组织已初步应用于临床并取得了可喜的临床疗效,显示出组织工程技术可喜的局面、巨大的生命力与宏伟的远景。然而,组织工程学是一门新兴学科,是跨领域、多学科参与合作的边缘学科,目前的工作仅仅是初始,还有大量基本科学问题尚待阐明,大量技术难题尚待攻克;光明与困难共存,机遇与挑战同在;应不失时机抓住机遇,开拓创新,迎接挑战,全力打造组织工程技术的新时代,使组织工程技术能够尽早造福于人类。     

Occupational irritant contact dermatitis and fungal infection in construction workers

We have examined 6 construction workers who developed chronic skin diseases on their hands over a period of 15 years (1970–1985). 4 developed a Trichophyton rubrum infection, and the other 2 an irritant contact dermatitis. All of them carried out jobs which caused traumatization of the skin, due to the presence of ethylene glycol and mineral oils during operation of pneumatic hammers in winter. They also suffered other types of skin trauma during their work. Construction workers may be at risk of developing an occupational skin disease involving fungal infection.     

Cancer risks associated with 10 inorganic dusts: results from a case-control study in Montreal

A multicancer site, multifactor case-control study was undertaken to generate hypotheses about possible occupational carcinogens. Probing interviews were carried out with eligible cases, comprising all incident cases of 20 types of cancer who were male, aged 35-70 years, and a resident in Montreal. The interview was designed to obtain detailed lifetime job histories and information on potential confounders. Each job history was reviewed by a team of chemists and industrial hygienists who translated it into a history of occupational exposures. These occupational exposures were then analyzed as potential risk factors in relation to the sites of cancer included; 3,726 cases were interviewed. For each site of cancer analyzed, controls were selected from among the other sites in the study. This report concerns the associations between the 12 main types of cancer in our series and 10 inorganic dusts that are found mainly in construction and metal industries. All site-exposure combinations were investigated. After intensive control for confounding, nonadenocarcinoma (NAC) of the lung was associated with long duration-high level exposure to silica (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4), excavation dust (OR = 1.9), concrete dust (OR = 2.5), abrasives dust (OR = 1.4), and alumina (OR = 1.5). It was difficult to disentangle the relative effects of those substances, and confounding among them was a distinct possibility. Although residual confounding by some uncontrolled factors may explain the elevated ORs, the results were compatible with the hypothesis of a nonspecific relation between NAC of the lung and respirable inorganic dusts as a class. Other associations that remained suggestive after in-depth analysis were silica and stomach cancer (OR = 1.2) and concrete dust and lymphoma (OR = 2.9).