A process evaluation of implementing a vocational enablement protocol for employees with hearing difficulties in clinical practice

Objective: A multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation programme, the Vocational Enablement Protocol (VEP) was developed to address the specific needs of employees with hearing difficulties. In the current study we evaluated the process of implementing the VEP in audiologic care among employees with hearing impairment. Design: In conjunction with a randomized controlled trial, we collected and analysed data on seven process parameters: recruitment, reach, fidelity, dose delivered, dose received and implemented, satisfaction, and perceived benefit. Study sample: Sixty-six employees with hearing impairment participated in the VEP. The multidisciplinary team providing the VEP comprised six professionals. Results: The professionals performed the VEP according to the protocol. Of the recommendations delivered by the professionals, 31% were perceived as implemented by the employees. Compliance rate was highest for hearing-aid uptake (51%). Both employees and professionals were highly satisfied with the VEP. Participants rated good perceived benefit from it. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the VEP could be a useful treatment for employees with hearing difficulties from a process evaluation perspective. Implementation research in the audiological setting should be encouraged in order to further provide insight into parameters facilitating or hindering successful implementation of an intervention and to improve its quality and efficacy.     

1910名初中新生慢性鼻-鼻窦炎与鼻中隔偏曲的相关性分析

目的　了解初中新生慢性鼻-鼻窦炎发病与鼻中隔偏曲的相关性。 方法　分层随机抽取郑州市1910名12~15岁初中新生，采取问卷调查及专科体检的形式，根据量表、体检结果，了解鼻中隔偏曲和慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患病情况，分析两者相关性。 结果　抽样初中新生慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的患病率为6.2%（119/1910）；慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患病群体与非患病群体中，轻、中度鼻中隔偏曲的发生率分别为27.7%（33/119）和31.2%（559/1791），两者差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.632，P>0.05）；重度鼻中隔偏曲的发生率分别为13.4%（16/119）和8.0%（144/1791），两者差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.248，P<0.05）。 结论　初中新生慢性鼻-鼻窦炎发病与重度鼻中隔偏曲具有相关性。     

中国少年智力量表(CISJ)编制及其常模

目的:编制一套适用于我国少年期的智力量表。方法:以年龄10～15岁少年为对象,参考第五次人口抽样调查资料,按分层随机原则取样,根据测验结果和标准化程序建立常模。结果:总体样本取得的原始分,按城乡各7个常模年龄组,分别换算出各分测验的量表分,然后建立了总体样本的智商、能力商、智力因素商和智商百分位等常模。样本智商接近于正态分布。信度和效度较高。结论:CISJ可以作为智力诊断工具应用于临床。     

企业员工应对方式与心理健康之间的关系

目的：验证不同应对方式对心理健康的单独与共同影响。方法：对4745名被试用分层回归的方法分析不同应对方式对心理健康的单独影响和交互作用。结论：单独使用“消极应对”的应对方式,对心理健康水平存在不利影响;而单独使用“积极应对”的应对方式能在一定程度上改善心理健康水平。“消极应对”与“积极应对”两种应对方式结合使用能显著改善心理健康水平,比单独使用这两种应对方式对心理健康更有利。     

中国少年智力量表的信度研究

目的：对中国少年智力量表（CISJ）进行信度分析。方法：采用分半相关、Alpha系数和复测相关等方法对CISJ常模样本资料作统计分析。结果：①分半信度：各分测验及言语、操作和总量表的分半相关系数在0．39-0.92之间，其中各常模年龄组样本，城镇为0．39～0.91、农村为0.42～0.92，而城镇总样本、农村总样本和全体样本则分别为0.57-0．88、0.63～0．90和0.61-0.89。②Alpha系数分析：除4个系数偏低（0.29～0．39）外，其余都比较高，在0.41-0.84之间，0．50以上的达到95％。③复测信度：各分测验及言语、操作、智力因素量表分数和智商的相关系数在0.47-0．85之间；除数字背诵分测验为0.47外，其余均在0．69以上。结论：CISJ具有较高的内部稳定性和复测一致性，是信度比较理想的智力量表。     

北京市郊区某中学初中生膳食矿物质和维生素摄入与近视发生的调查研究

目的 了解初中生膳食矿物质和维生素摄入状况,分析饮食行为与近视之间的关系。方法 采用整群抽样法,选取2018年7月至2019年3月北京市郊区某中学的所有初中生,应用24 h膳食回顾调查表及自编“1周内饮食行为问卷”进行膳食调查,采用NCCW营养软件分析矿物质和维生素摄入情况,采用全国通用的E字标准视力表对初中生进行视力检查。结果 本次共调查181名初中生,其中女生92人（50.8%）,男生89人（49.2%）。年龄10~16岁,平均（13.06±0.96）岁。蛋类、粗粮及大豆制品的食用情况不佳,能坚持一周内食用5~6次粗粮的初中生只有20人（11.0%）。24 h膳食回顾调查NCCW软件分析结果发现,该校初中生膳食矿物质的摄入中仅磷的摄入量男、女生均达到推荐摄入量的90%以上,其余矿物质和维生素摄入整体不足,其中钙的摄入量处于严重不足情况,摄入量仅为推荐摄入量的23.50%、26.62%。近视筛查发现,该校56.7%的初中生处于重度近视范围,其中女生左眼近视程度高于男生（P<0.05）。不同程度近视随着矿物质和维生素摄入量不同出现差异,钙的摄入量在重度近视学生中要高于轻度及中度近视,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 该校初中生矿物质和维生素摄入量不足,其中矿物质钙与近视程度存在一定联系,建议家长及学校应在学生饮食上做到科学膳食均衡搭配,从饮食方面降低青少年近视发生风险。     

长沙市初中生网络成瘾的心理社会因素调查

目的:调查长沙市初中生网络成瘾的发生率,探讨家庭和学校环境、应付方式对中学生网络成瘾的影响。方法:对长沙市的552名初中生进行问卷调查,应用Young网络成瘾诊断量表、家庭关怀度量表、学校满意度量表、应付方式问卷、焦虑、抑郁自评量表进行评估。结果:①580名初中生中,网络成瘾者38人(男生30人,女生8人),网络成瘾的发生率为6.55%。②网络成瘾与未成瘾学生在对学校和家庭满意度、应付方式方面有显著性差异(P<0.05)。③网络成瘾学生的焦虑、抑郁总分均显著高于未成瘾学生(P<0.05)。结论:感觉不到家庭的关怀、对学校生活不满意,焦虑、抑郁严重,遇到应激事件时采用消极的应对方式的初中生容易发生网络成瘾。     

Programmes for tobacco and alcohol users in Australian work-places

This article presents findings from a survey of programmes available for tobacco and alcohol users working in 455 of Australia's top 600 companies. Companies were twice as likely to have programmes for smokers (43%) as for problem drinkers (24%) and these programmes were more apparent in large companies. The majority of programmes for smoking were delivered within a health promotion context which included other life-style issues, such as nutrition, exercise, weight management and stress management. Although Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) were the most commonly available type of work-place programme for excessive drinkers and other drug users, followed by Alcoholics Anonymous and local hospital clinics, only 6% had an EAP for alcohol. Only 21% of programmes for smokers and 12% for excessive alcohol users were evaluated. Around one-quarter of companies knew the costs of smoking programmes, and 9% reported costs of conducting programmes for excessive alcohol consumers.     

某高校女职工体检结果分析与保健对策探讨

目的了解我校女职工的健康状况,对妇科疾病及时诊断与治疗,并为妇女保健工作提供依据。方法对568名女职工进行常规妇科检查、宫颈涂片、妇科B超、乳腺外科等项目检查,并进行统计分析。结果568人受检人员中,460人患有妇科疾病,占受检人数的80.98%。妇科疾病的前四位分别为慢性宫颈炎、阴道炎、乳腺增生、子宫肌瘤,所占比例为92.83%。结论我校女职工妇科疾病患病情况不容乐观,定期体检是做好预防保健的关键。     

Understanding Employee Awareness of Health Care Quality Information: How Can Employers Benefit?

Objective. To analyze the factors associated with employee awareness of employer-disseminated quality information on providers.
Data Sources. Primary data were collected in 2002 on a stratified, random sample of 1,365 employees in 16 firms that are members of the Buyers Health Care Action Group (BHCAG) located in the Minneapolis–St. Paul region. An employer survey was also conducted to assess how employers communicated the quality information to employees.
Study Design. In 2001, BHCAG sponsored two programs for reporting provider quality. We specify employee awareness of the quality information to depend on factors that influence the benefits and costs of search. Factors influencing the benefits include age, sex, provider satisfaction, health status, job tenure, and Twin Cities tenure. Factors influencing search costs include employee income, education, and employer communication strategies. We estimate the model using bivariate probit analysis.
Data Collection. Employee data were collected by phone survey.
Principal Findings. Overall, the level of quality information awareness is low. However, employer communication strategies such as distributing booklets to all employees or making them available on request have a large effect on the probability of quality information awareness. Employee education and utilization of providers' services are also positively related to awareness.
Conclusions. This study is one of the first to investigate employee awareness of provider quality information. Given the direct implications for medical outcomes, one might anticipate higher rates of awareness regarding provider quality, relative to plan quality. However, we do not find empirical evidence to support this assertion.