凝聚胺检测Kidd血型系统抗原抗体效果评价

目的 对凝聚胺试剂检测红细胞Kidd系统抗原抗体效果进行综合评价.方法 随机选取40名献血者的血液,同时采用凝聚胺法、抗球蛋白法、盐水法进行红细胞Kidd系统抗原检测,比较3种方法的检测结果及凝集强度.结果 40名献血者中,Jk(a b-)9例,占22.5%,Jk(a-b )14例,占35%,Jk(a b )16例,占42.5%.抗球蛋白与试管法的结果一致率100%,凝聚胺法共漏检了16例,其中Jk(a b-)4例,Jk(a-b )2例,Jk(a b )10例.结论 凝聚胺法检出Kidd系统的抗原抗体能力有限,难以避免Kidd系统不规则抗体导致的输血不良反应.     

Human monoclonal antibodies to human blood group antigens Kidd Jka and Jkb

Summary. Three IgM human monoclonal antibodies to Jk^b, and one IgM human monoclonal antibody to Jk^a were produced from the lymphocytes of two immunized donors. Two of the anti-Jk^b monoclonal antibodies (MS-7 and MS-9) are of the IgM(κ) isotype and one (MS-8) is an IgM(λ). The anti-Jk^a monoclonal antibody (MS-15) is of the IgM(κ) isotype. They are all specific for their respective antigens, and give positive agglutinations in saline by the immediate spin technique, even against Jk(a + b +) cells. The heterohybridomas have been shown to be suitable for bulk culture and produce levels of antibody that reach 18 μg/ml in the spent culture supernatant. They offer considerable advantages over currently available reagents in terms of stability, simplicity and speed of use, and will provide a reliable and unlimited supply of what are at the moment rare and unsatisfactory antibodies.     

Phenotypic differences of CD4+ T cells in response to red blood cell immunization in transfused sickle cell disease patients

Alloimmunization against red blood cells (RBCs) is the main immunological risk associated with transfusion in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, about 50–70% of SCD patients never get immunized despite frequent transfusion. In murine models, CD4⁺ T cells play a key role in RBC alloimmunization. We therefore explored and compared the CD4⁺ T‐cell phenotypes and functions between a group of SCD patients (n = 11) who never became immunized despite a high transfusion regimen and a group of SCD patients (n = 10) who had become immunized (at least against Kidd antigen b) after a low transfusion regimen. We studied markers of CD4⁺ T‐cell function, including TLR, that directly control lymphocyte function, and their spontaneous cytokine production. We also tested responders for the cytokine profile in response to Kidd antigen b peptides. Low TLR2/TLR3 expression and, unexpectedly, strong expression of CD40 on CD4⁺ T cells were associated with the nonresponder status, whereas spontaneous expression of IL‐10 by CD4⁺ T cells and weak Tbet expression were associated with the responder status. A Th17 profile was predominant in responders when stimulated by Jb^k. These findings implicate CD4⁺ T cells in alloimmunization in humans and suggest that they may be exploited to differentiate responders from nonresponders.