Increased numbers of higher left intraocular pressures in 428 patients referred to the glaucoma clinic

Seventy-four per cent of 428 patients referred to the glaucoma clinic at Concord Hospital exhibited intraocular pressure (IOP) asymmetry. There was a preponderance of left eyes, in that two-thirds of the patients with asymmetrical pressures had the higher IOP in the left eye. As the degree of asymmetry increased, this trend became more pronounced. In addition, the statistically significant difference between right and left mean IOP among the glaucoma patients was not found among normal controls, even when the order of testing the eyes was reversed.     

Non-contact tonometry synchronized with cardiac rhythm and its relationship with blood pressure

PURPOSE: The main objectives of this study were to determine the differences between non-synchronized intraocular pressure (IOP_N) and intraocular pressure readings synchronized with cardiac pulse and try to determine if these parameters are related to blood pressure values. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-five right eyes from 165 volunteers (107 females, 58 males) aged from 19 to 73 years (mean +/- S.D., 29.93 +/- 11.17) were examined with the Nidek NT-4000, a new non-contact tonometer that allows the measurement of IOP synchronized with the cardiac rhythm. IOP measurements in the four different modes of synchronization were taken in a randomized order. Three measures of each parameter were taken and then averaged. The blood pressure was determined three times with a portable manometer and mean values of systolic and diastolic pressure and the pulse rate were computed. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was determined as being 1/3 of systolic plus 2/3 of diastolic blood pressure. RESULTS: The mean +/- S.D. values for the standard intraocular pressure (IOP_N: 14.76 +/- 2.86), intraocular pressure in the systolic instant or peak (IOP_P: 14.99 +/- 2.85), intraocular pressure in the middle instant between heartbeats or middle (IOP_M: 14.68 +/- 2.76), and intraocular pressure in the diastolic instant or bottom (IOP_B: 13.86 +/- 2.61) were obtained. The IOP_P was higher than the remaining values. A significant difference in mean IOP existed between IOP_B and the remaining modes of measuring (p < 0.05). Differences were statistically significant for all pair comparisons involving IOP_B. Arterial blood pressure values were systolic 125.5 +/- 14.22, diastolic 77.7 +/- 8.38 and MAP 93.64 +/- 9.44 mmHg. The pulse rate was 77.3 +/- 12.6 beats per minute. Except for the MAP (p = 0.025) there was no significant correlation between different IOP values and systolic or diastolic blood pressure, or pulse rate. CONCLUSIONS: NT-4000 is able to differentiate IOP values when synchronized with the cardiac rhythm and those differences are expected to be within a range of +/-2.5 to +/- 3.0 mmHg. IOP_B seems to be the parameter whose value differs from the non-synchronized and the remaining synchronized parameters in a significant way. Other than a weak association with MAP, no significant correlation between IOP and BP was found. The measurements of IOP readings for the three modes are consistent with timings during the cardiac cycle and IOP pulse cycle.     

高眼压状态下青光眼手术的临床观察

目的探讨高眼压状态下青光眼手术方法的安全性和效果。方法对32例药物降压无效的青光眼患者进行青光眼手术,术后观察出血、滤过泡、前房、眼压及视力的变化。结果术后1月视力提高的21只眼(65.63%);保持不变的11只眼(34.38%);眼压术后≤21mmHg者28只眼(87.5%);用药物控制的4只眼(12.5%)。结论高眼压状态采取手术治疗是安全有效的。     

正常眼压性青光眼确诊时各指标间病变程度的关系

目的　考察正常眼压性青光眼 (normalpressureglaucoma ,NPG)患者确诊时的临床表现 ,探讨各指标间病变程度的关系。方法　 10 5例NPG患者 ,分析眼压曲线的平均状态、波动幅度和双眼对称性 ,观察视野和眼底C/D垂直径比值、盘沿缩窄和视网膜神经纤维层 (RNFL)改变。结果　眼压曲线双眼对称 ,总体波动水平位于 16mmHg上下 ,最高值在 10AM ,最低值在 10PM ,但10PM最低值高于年龄可比的正常人群的平均眼压 (P <0 0 1)。单值眼压分布位于 10～ 2 1mmHg ,峰值与谷值相差约 4mmHg。视野在 5 5例患者为单眼损害 ,在 14 9眼的视野损害中 ,绝大多数损害形态和部位与眼压升高的原发性开角型青光眼 (hp -POAG)相符合 ,但旁中心损害侵入中心固视区者约占 2 2 % ,而在轻度损害中约占 1/3。眼底C/D值右眼为 0 77± 0 15 ,左眼为 0 71± 0 16,二者均大于一般群体上限和早期hp -POAG患者的C/D值 (P <0 0 1) ,但在不同程度损害的视野中差异不显著 (P >0 10 ) ,盘沿缩窄和RNFL缺损的发生率分别为 5 0 %以上和 60 %以上 ,二者差异不显著 (P>0 0 5 )。结论　NPG患者的眼压在绝对值、波动幅度和双眼对称性上均与正常眼压各指标相一致 ,对诊断无定性价值。确诊时眼底C/D值大于早期hp -POAG的C/D值 ,盘沿缩窄和RNFL缺损的     

伴虹膜异色的青光眼睫状体炎综合征

目的　观察青光眼睫状体炎综合征的临床表现及体征 ,探讨伴有虹膜异色的青光眼睫状体炎综合征的临床表现及其预后。方法　青光眼睫状体炎综合征 3 9例 41只眼 ,男 2 5例 ,女 14例 ;年龄 2 8～ 5 4岁 (3 8 3± 10 3 3岁 )。观察眼压、KP、前房、虹膜、眼底及视野等。发作期每 3～ 7天复查一次 ,间歇期 3～ 6月复查一次。随诊时间 5月～ 10年。结果　 3 9例 41眼青睫综合征患者中 ,2例系双眼患病 ;7例 7只眼先后出现青光眼视杯扩大及视野缺损 ,其中 5例伴轻度虹膜异色 ,1例伴有高度近视 ,另有 1例未见其它异常。 5例伴虹膜异色的患者除视杯扩大和视野缺损外 ,其中 1例后期眼压持续升高 ,并最终失明。结论　青睫综合征为一病因不明的复杂的眼部综合征 ,其过程及转归并非完全“良性” ,特别是同时伴有虹膜异色等其它眼部异常者。     

LASIK治疗近视眼术后的眼压变化分析

目的探讨与准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)治疗近视眼术后眼压变化有关的各种因素。方法中高度近视患者129例(245眼)按屈光度分为A组(≥-3．0D,<-6．0D)和B组(≥．0D)分别于手术前后1、3个月测量眼压(intra-ocular pressure,IOP)、中央角膜厚度(central corneal thickness,CCT)和角膜前表面曲率(corneal anterior surface curvature,CASC)并记录术前近视度数(diopter of myopia before surgery,DMBS)、散光度数(diopter of astigmatism before surgery,DABS)及术中角膜切削深度(cutting corneal depth,CCD)和直径(cutting corneal area,CCA)。所有数据进行相关分析,分组数据进行配对t检验,P<0．05被认为差异有显著性。结果A、B两组间手术前后1、3月及术后1月眼压值差异无显著性,但术后3月眼压值差异有显著性(P<0．05);相关分析显示IOP差与CCT差、角膜曲率差、术前近视度数、切削深度有显著相关性(分别为P<0．001,P=0．023,P<0．001,P<0．001),而与术前散光度数和切削直径无显著相关性(分别为P=0．192,P=0．473)。结论LASIK治疗近视眼术后的眼压值降低与CCT差、角膜曲率差、术前近视度数、切削深度等多种因素有关。     

眼后段疾病相关青光眼的临床分析

目的：探讨与眼后段疾病相关的青光眼的病因及相应治疗措施。方法：对74例与眼后段疾病相关的青光眼患者的临床资料行回顾性分析。结果：74例患者中硅油继发青光眼39例，经手术及药物治疗，眼压可控制正常。新生血管性青光眼(Neovascular glaucoma,NVG)29例，多数行视网膜周边冷冻联合视网膜光凝等抗增殖手术，治愈率为15％，有效率为60％。6例行玻璃体切割、内眼激光、周边视网膜冷冻(或联合硅油填充)术，3例术后眼压正常，5例新生血管消退。外伤性晶体脱位、玻璃体嵌顿、视网膜脱离继发青光眼4例，因眼后段疾患行多次手术引起瞳孔闭锁继发青光眼2例，手术治疗后眼压正常。结论：硅油继发青光眼、外伤性品体脱位、玻璃体嵌顿继发青光眼、瞳孔闭锁继发青光眼等经药物及手术治疗眼压可控制正常，预后较好，而NVG仍是治疗的难题，抗增殖手术如玻璃体切割、内眼激光、周边视网膜冷冻联合硅油填充术可能会成为治疗NVG的一种有效手段，但需进一步探讨。     

青光眼阀植入物治疗难治性青光眼

目的观察Ahmed青光眼引流植入物治疗难治性青光眼的疗效.方法采用Ahmed青光眼引流植入物,共治疗28例(29只眼)难治性青光眼,其中新生血管性青光眼10例(10只眼),青少年型青光眼5例(6只眼),其它青光眼13例(13只眼).结果术后随访3～12个月,新生血管性青光眼的眼压由术前40.9±7.32 mmHg降至20.63±2.75 mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa);人工晶体联合玻璃体手术后青光眼的眼压由术前41±5.66mmHg降至术后18.00±2.12 mmHg;青少年型青光眼的眼压由术前33.65±5.28 mmHg降至术后16.45±1.48 mmHg;常规滤过性手术失败的青光眼的眼压由术前31.43±4.13 mmHg降至18.13±1.25 mmHg.术后常见并发症有浅前房、前房积血、前葡萄膜炎等.结论Ahmed青光眼引流植入物是治疗难治性青光眼的一种较为有效的降眼压方法.眼科学报2000;16259～261.     

Chitosan-Gelatin Hydrogel Crosslinked With Oxidized Sucrose for the Ocular Delivery of Timolol Maleate

Ocular hypertension due to increased intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for the development of glaucoma. Rapid clearance and low ocular bioavailability are drawbacks of conventional ocular treatments. This requires frequent and long-term application of antiglaucoma drugs which in turn cause local side effects and are a major cause of therapeutic failure due to loss of persistence in using glaucoma therapy. In this study, a semisynthetic, biocompatible, oxidized sucrose crosslinker was developed and used in the formulation of chitosan-gelatin hydrogel for the sustained release of timolol to control ocular hypertension. The swelling properties of the hydrogel showed a strong relationship with the oxidized sucrose concentration. Mucoadhesive properties of the hydrogel were studied and the in vitro release profiles demonstrated that crosslinking with oxidized sucrose reduced the release rate of the entrapped timolol. The results of both in vitro and in vivo studies supported that the formulated hydrogel maintained the release and in turn the efficacy of timolol for a longer period of time compared to the conventional eye drops. This is expected to reduce the frequency of drug application onto the eye surface and in turn enhances patients’ convenience. In conclusion, the developed formulation represents a promising platform for an effective and compliant treatment of ocular hypertension.     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后角膜中央和周边眼压的检查方法及其临床意义

目的 探索准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（laser in situ keratomileusis,LASIK）后角膜中央眼压和周边眼压测量的有效性、可靠性及临床意义.方法 LASIK术前、术后1周、术后1个月使用非接触性眼压计对26名患者的52眼的角膜中央眼压和角膜周边眼压进行测量,采用配对t检验比较术后1周、术后1个月与术前眼压的关系,采用Pearson相关分析角膜切削深度与眼压变化的关系.结果 术后1周和1个月中央角膜的眼压分别下降（6.425±2.544）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）和（5.752±3.863）mmHg,周边眼压在术后1周下降（0.921±2.054）mmHg,与术前相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.术后1个月周边眼压下降（0.158±2.979）mmHg,与术前相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.角膜切屑深度与术后中央眼压的改变有线性相关（P＜0.05）,但与周边角膜眼压改变无关（P〉0.05）.结论 周边眼压的测量值更接近于实际眼内压值,故LASIK术后测量周边眼压值更为精确和可靠.