Recipient hypertonic saline infusion prevents cardiac allograft dysfunction

Objective

Hypertonic saline (HTS) has potent immune and vascular effects. We assessed recipient pretreatment with HTS on allograft function in a porcine model of heart transplantation and hypothesized that HTS infusion would limit endothelial and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction following transplantation.

Allergic conversion of protective mucosal immunity against nasal bacteria in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis

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酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂的高通量筛选模型

目的建立酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的高通量筛选模型。方法以多聚酪氨酸多肽为底物,用提取的酪氨酸激酶催化酪氨酸的磷酸化,用酶标记的单克隆抗体检测酪氨酸激酶的活性,根据待测样品对激酶活性的抑制程度,筛选酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。结果酶标板包被液的浓度为20mg·L-1PGT,使用25mg·L-1蛋白质的PTK初提物,在37℃条件下孵育60min,再使用2000倍稀释的辣根过氧化物酶标记的小鼠抗磷酸化酪氨酸单克隆抗体IgG2bk与反应产物结合、测定。同一微孔板各样品间的测定误差为0.26,微孔板间和日间的测定误差分别为0.79和0.69。Genistein对PTK的IC50为110μmol·L-1。从收集的7680个样品中,筛选出具有活性的样品16个,选中率约2‰。结论建立的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂高通量药物筛选模型,具有灵敏度高、结果稳定的特性,在每块实验上同时设立空白和对照,测定结果具有可比性。     

5-羟色胺1A受体激动剂高通量筛选模型的建立

目的为发现5-羟色胺1A(5-HT1A)受体的激动剂,通过报告基因活性检测的方法建立高通量筛选(HTS)细胞模型。方法将带有人源5-HT1A受体的真核表达质粒pcD-NA3.1(pcDNA3.1-h5-HT1AR)与带有报告基因pCRE-luc的pcDNA3.1质粒(pcDNA3.1-pCRE-luc)共转染到工具细胞中,通过对工具细胞选择、共转染质粒比例、化合物孵育时间及阳性化合物选择等条件进行探索和优化,建立了稳定表达人源5-HT1A受体并可用于该受体激动剂筛选的细胞模型(HEK293-h5-HT1AR)。结果①根据瞬转实验中信号值的高低,模型采用HEK293细胞作为工具细胞;②根据瞬转实验中的信噪比,发现pcDNA3.1-h5-HT1AR:pcDNA3.1-pCRE-luc的最佳比例为1∶3;③对化合物孵育时间进行优化,选择的最佳孵育时间为6 h;④阳性化合物的选择过程中,实验研究了5-HT.HCl,Flibanserin,8-OH-DPAT以及Lorcaser-in(APD356)4个已报道有5-HT1A受体激动活性的化合物,结果表明APD356在该体系中最适合作为阳性对照化合物。⑤该细胞株连续培养12代,信号稳定。结论通过对一系列实验条件进行选择和优化,建立了一个稳定表达人源5-HT1A受体的细胞模型,该模型可用于高通量5-HT1A激动剂的筛选。     

毒蕈胆碱M_1受体激动剂的高通量筛选模型

目的　建立毒蕈碱样胆碱M1 受体激动剂的高通量筛选模型 ,以此模型进行M1 受体激动剂筛选。方法　将M1 受体基因质粒 (M1 /pCDNA3 1 )与报告基因质粒 (3×CRE/ 3×MRE/SRE LUC)按 1∶5的比例共转染HEK2 93 ,建立了一个稳定的M1 受体激动剂报告基因筛选细胞株。配体与细胞表面M1 受体结合后 ,激活相应的信号通路 ,调节报告基因的表达 ,通过测定荧光酶素报告基因表达水平的变化 ,评估配体激活M1 受体的生物活性。结果　通过对筛选条件 ,如细胞数目、荧光素酶表达时间、底物浓度的优化 ,建立了可靠的筛选方法 ,并对多种抗衰老中药水提物进行了筛选 ,找到 3种对M1 受体有活性的中药。结论　该系统能准确、稳定、有效地应用于M1 受体激动剂的高通量筛选     

Robust ridge regression estimators for nonlinear models with applications to high throughput screening assay data

Nonlinear regression is often used to evaluate the toxicity of a chemical or a drug by fitting data from a dose–response study. Toxicologists and pharmacologists may draw a conclusion about whether a chemical is toxic by testing the significance of the estimated parameters. However, sometimes the null hypothesis cannot be rejected even though the fit is quite good. One possible reason for such cases is that the estimated standard errors of the parameter estimates are extremely large. In this paper, we propose robust ridge regression estimation procedures for nonlinear models to solve this problem. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are investigated; in particular, their mean squared errors are derived. The performances of the proposed estimators are compared with several standard estimators using simulation studies. The proposed methodology is also illustrated using high throughput screening assay data obtained from the National Toxicology Program. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Burn scar outcome at six and 12 months after injury in children with partial thickness scalds: Effects of dressing treatment

IntroductionIn line with other researchers in the field of burns’ care, we think that research investigating the long-term outcome of scars is largely lacking. As scarring is of the utmost importance to the patient, clinicians who treat burns must aim to find treatments that lead to a good end result. The aim of this study was to study scar outcomes at six and 12 months after injury. It is an extension of a previous randomised controlled trial (RCT) in which two dressings (porcine xenograft and silver foam dressing) were examined with respect to their ability to help heal partial thickness scalds.MethodChildren aged six months – six years with acute partial thickness scalds, on the trunk, or extremities, or both, were included. In the previous study, the silver foam was found to have significantly shorter healing times than the xenograft. Children were assessed at six and 12 months after injury for this study, and photographs were taken of the burn site, and both the patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) and the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) were completed and evaluated by blinded observers.ResultsOf the 58 children from the original RCT, 39 returned to the clinic for evaluation of their scars at six months, and 34 at 12 months after injury. There were no differences in POSAS, VSS total scores, or incidence of hypertrophic scarring between the different dressings. Fifteen children were assessed as having hypertrophic scarring, all of whom had healing times that had extended beyond 14 days.ConclusionsThis study compared burn scarring after two different treatments for burns in children with partial-thickness scalds and the data suggested that neither dressing had a more favourable impact on scar outcome. The conclusion is, however, tempered by the non-return of all the patients to the follow up. However, as anticipated, regardless of the dressing used, longer healing times were associated with higher scar scores (more scarring) and hypertrophic scarring.     

Numerical Modelling of the Dynamic Voltage in HTS Materials under the Action of DC Transport Currents and Different Oscillating Magnetic Fields

The dynamic voltage is a unique phenomenon of superconducting materials. It arises when the superconductor is carrying a DC transport current and spontaneously in subject to an AC magnetic field. This study excavates the aspects that previous studies have not comprehensively investigated: the dynamic voltage in a DC-carrying superconducting tape exposed to different oscillating AC magnetic fields. First, the fundamental physics of dynamic voltage/flux of superconductors is reviewed and further analysed in detail. We used the superconducting modelling method using the H-formulation merged into the finite-element method (FEM) software, to re-produce the typical dynamic voltage behaviour of a superconducting tape. The modelling was verified by both the analytical and experimental results, in order to precisely prove the reliability of the modelling. Afterwards, the modelling was performed for a DC-carrying superconducting tape under four different oscillating magnetic fields (sine, triangle, sawtooth and square), and their corresponding dynamic voltages and energy losses were analysed and compared. Results show the sinusoidal magnetic field can lead to the optimal combination of reasonable dynamic voltage but relatively lower loss, which is suitable for those superconducting applications requiring dynamic voltage as the energy source, e.g., flux pumps. This article presents novel investigation and analysis of the dynamic voltage in superconducting materials, and both the methodology and results can provide useful information for the future design/analysis of superconducting applications with DC transport currents and AC magnetic fields.     

糖原磷酸化酶抑制剂高通量筛选模型的建立*

目的:建立糖原磷酸化酶(GPa)抑制剂的体外高通量筛选模型。方法:用梯度离心方法提取大鼠肝脏GPa,以葡萄糖-1-磷酸作为底物,通过测定反应中磷酸根的释放量,间接反映肝脏GPa的活性。通过对反应体系的优化,调整反应条件,建立96孔微孔板的高通量筛选模型,用咖啡因对此模型进行验证,并评价高通量技术参数[Z′-因子(Z-′factor),信号本底比(signal to background,S/B),信噪比(signal to noise,S/N)]。用此模型对5 000个样品(包括合成化合物、天然提取物)组成的随机库进行体外筛选,考察这些样品对GPa的抑制作用。结果:确定反应体系条件是:反应温度25℃,反应时间30 m in,底物浓度0.5 mmol.L-1,大鼠肝脏GPa的用量为250 ng。用此条件测定咖啡因对GPa的抑制曲线,计算其半数抑制浓度(IC50)为(285.3±39.6)μmol.L-1,与文献报道(IC50=240μmol.L-1)基本一致;本模型技术参数Z′-因子=0.79,S/B=0.45,S/N=11.32,表明此模型可以用于高通量筛选。应用此模型筛选得到有活性的化合物9个,其IC50在3.56~45.75μmol.L-1。结论:建立的体外GPa抑制剂高通量筛选模型具有快速、微量、准确的特点,可以作为研究降糖药的工具。