重庆部分地区HDV感染的调查

本文收集了重庆部分地区乙肝患者ＨＢｓＡｇ无症状携带者血清标本２４２份，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测抗－ＨＤ，２４份阳性，阳性率为９．９１％，与其它地区比较重庆部分地区ＨＤＶ感染率较高，且郊区的阳性率明显高于市区，此结果符合以前曾报告的ＨＤＶ在我国呈地方性分布的论述。原发性肝癌病人，急、慢乙型肝炎病人和ＨＢｓＡｇ无症状携带者中，以原发性肝癌病人抗－ＨＤ阳性率较高，提示ＨＤＶ感染可能与原发性肝癌的致病有关。     

Molecular epidemiological and clinical aspects of hepatitis D virus in a unique triple hepatitis viruses (B,C, D) endemic community in Taiwan

The molecular epidemiological and clinical aspects of hepatitis D virus (HDV) in a unique HBV, HCV, and HDV triple virus endemic community in southern Taiwan were investigated. A total of 2,909 residents aged 45 or older were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV antibody, and anti-HDV antibody (specifically for HBsAg-positive carriers). Factors that might be associated with HDV infection, viral nucleic acid detection, and genotyping of HBV, HCV, and HDV were investigated. The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV were 12.6% (366/2,909) and 41.6% (1,227/2,909), respectively. For HBsAg carriers, 15.3% (56/366) were positive for anti-HDV assay. Living in a higher endemic district of HCV infection (odds ratio [OR] = 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7-6.3), male gender (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1-3.6) and co-infection with HCV (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.0-3.3) were significantly independent factors associated with HDV infection. The detection rate of HDV RNA among anti-HDV-positive patients was only 12.7% (7/55). The mean HBV titer of triple infection group was significantly lower than in the HBV/HDV co-infection group (2.23 vs 3.05 in log(10), copies/ml, P = 0.046). HCV RNA detection among the triple infection group showed 47.4% (9/19) viremia rate and viral loads of 579,121 IU/ml in median (16,803-1,551,190 IU/ml). The prevalent genotype of HBV was type B (23/25); HCV was 1b (7/9) and HDV was IIa/IIb (4/4). Only the presence of HCV RNA predicted the presence of elevated ALT significantly (OR = 25.0; 95% CI = 3.39-184.6). In conclusion, the geographical aggregation of HDV infection paralleled that of HCV infection in this community. HCV suppressed the replication of HBV among triple vital infection patients. HBV and HDV lapsed into a remission or nonreplicative phase in most cases, and HCV acted as a dominant factor in triple viral-infected individuals. Only the presence of HCV RNA was associated with elevated ALT values, but not HBV or HDV.     

剪切HCV RNA的HDV核酶的设计及活性测定

目的：探讨丁型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis D virus,HDV）核酶用于抗丙型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis C virus,HCV）基因治疗的可能性。方法：以HDV基因组核酶的假结样结构为基础,优化其茎IV区,改建基底物结合区,获得3种针对HCV RNA的HDV核酶RzC1、RzC2和RzC3。体外转录获取含HCV RNA5‘－非编码区（5‘-noncoding region,5‘-NCR）及部分C区在内的底物RNA（HCV RNA 5‘－NCR－C）,并进行5‘端放射性标记。在pH7.5、37℃、Mg^2 20mmol/L和去离子甲酰胺2.5mol/L等条件下,将核酶和底物按摩尔比100：1混合,在不同的时间点观察剪切百分率。结论：RzC1、RzC2对底物的剪切百分率随时间延长而递增,90min分别达24.9％、20.3％;未观察到RzC3有剪切活性。结论：经过结构构优化的HDV基因组核酶在合适的位点能够剪切异源性RNA分子HCV RNA。     

HDV/HBV体外感染原代培养人胎肝细胞的实验研究

目的：建立ＨＤＶ／ＨＢＶ感染人胎肝细胞体外培养系统。方法：利用ＨＤＶ／ＨＢＶ阳性血清同时感染体外２的人胎肝细胞;应用ＥＬＩＳＡ、免疫组化法、原位杂交法和斑点法检测上清液和细胞中ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＤＡｇ、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＤＶｃＤＮＡ。结果：上清液和细胞中ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＤＡｇ、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＤＶｃＤＮＡ在感染后第２天至第１６天均可测出,其中上清液中ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＤＡｇ以感染后第４天至第１２天达高峰,结论     

逆转录—聚合酶链反应在丁型肝炎病毒感染的应用及意义

本项技术选取丁型肝炎病毒（ＨＤＶ）ＲＮＡ的非抗原编码区的相对保守区为靶序列,设计两对引物,进行巢式聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增ＨＤＶＲＮＡ。血清及肝组织采用蛋白酶消化法提取ＲＮＡ。结果发现９８例各型病毒性肝炎血清中,ＨＤＶ—Ｍ阳性组ＨＤＶＲＮＡ检出率为５６６％（３０／５３）,ＨＤＶ—Ｍ阴性组为８９％（４／４５）（Ｐ＜００１）;ＨＤＡｇ或／及抗ＨＤＩｇＭ阳性血清测定ＨＤＶＲＮＡ的阳性率为５７１％（２８／４９）,抗ＨＤ阳性血清的阳性率为５００％（２／４）;９例ＨＤＶ—Ｍ阳性肝组织测定ＨＤＶＲＮＡ阳性者６例,２例ＨＤＶ—Ｍ阴性肝组织均阴性。本项技术是在分子水平上检测病毒核酸、操作简便、稳定、可靠、特异性高、重复性好,可以作为ＨＤＶ血清学指标的佐证和补充,肝组织ＨＤＶＲＮＡ的测定可应用于回顾性研究,在临床病原诊断、抗病毒疗效判定、病毒复制、重叠感染等研究方面提供重要实验依据。     

延边农村地区朝鲜族HBV、HCV、HDV感染状况调查

为摸清延边农村地区朝鲜族人群乙、丙、丁型肝炎病毒(HBV、HCV、HDV)感染状况,用ELISA法对585名朝鲜族成年人进行了HBV、HCV和HDV感染标志物的检测.HBV、HCV标化感染率与HBsAg标化阳性率分别为50.91%、4.85%和8.57%,年龄组间差异无显著性.HBV、HCV双重感染率为2.56%,HBV与HCV的感染相关无显著性.42例HBsAg阳性者中HDV感染率4.76%.HBV感染模式有15种,其中以单项抗-HBs阳性多见,人群中占31.97%.表明人群中HBV、HCV和HDV感染的流行情况不同.     

1080例吸毒者HDV及合并HBV感染情况分析

目的:了解吸毒者丁型肝炎病毒及合并乙型肝炎病毒感染情况。方法:对我所2004年9月-2005年1月新收容的1080例吸毒者进行丁型肝炎病毒抗体(HDV-IgG)及HDV-IgG合并乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)检测,并用自行设计的《吸毒方式调查表》进行问卷调查。结果:在1080例吸毒者中,HDV感染156例,感染率14.4%,其中静脉注射者153例(98.1%);静脉注射组的HDV感染率15.9%(153/960),高于烫吸组(2.5%,3/120),P<0.01;在静脉注射组的HDV感染者中,共用注射器者的比例(21.3%,132/620)高于非共用注射器者(6.9%,21/340),P<0.001;在156例HDV感染者中有145例合并HBV感染,且合并者的肝功异常率高达73.1%(106/145)。结论:吸毒者中HDV感染率较高,且绝大多数合并HBV感染。共用注射器吸毒是导致HDV及HBV感染的主要原因,有关部门应采取有力措施,做好预防工作。     

Seroprevalence of HBV (anti-HBc,HBsAg and anti-HBs) and HDV infections among 9006 women at delivery*

Abstract: Serum samples from 9006 women, who delivered in Switzerland in 1990 and 1991, were collected around the country. Of these women, 62.7% were Swiss and 37.3% originated from foreign countries. Samples were first screened for anti-HBc and those found positive were further tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HDV Anti-HBc was found in 640 of the 9006 women (overall prevalence, 7.1%; Swiss, 3.3%; foreigners, 13.5%). Of these 640 positive samples, 61 (9.5%) were positive for HBsAg (without anti-HBs), 467 (73.0%) positive for anti-HBs (without HBsAg) and 8 (1.3%) positive for both HBsAg and anti-HBs. The remaining 104 were thus anti-HBc positive without HBsAg or anti-HBs. These 104 specimens with the so-called “isolated anti-HBc” reactivity represented 1.2% of the whole population or 16.3% of the 640 anti-HBc positive mothers. All were HBV DNA negative (PCR). Anti-HDV antibody was found in only five women. HBsAg was seen in 38 of the cord-blood samples from the anti-HBc positive mothers. In this large sampling, we observed a relatively high seroprevalence of HBV infection. Cases with isolated anti-HBc reactivity, being HBV DNA negative by PCR, were probably non-infectious at the time of blood collection.     

Inact?ve hepatitis B surface antigen carriers and intrafamilial tramsmission: results of a 10-year study

Background/Aims

The aims of the present study were to determine the outcomes of inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers over a 10-year study period and to elucidate the HBV serological profile of their family members.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the medical files of inactive HBsAg carriers followed up at the Department of Infectious Diseases of Kocatepe University Medical Faculty Hospital between March 2001 and January 2011.

Results

In total, 438 inactive HBsAg carriers were enrolled in this trial. The follow-up period was 33.7±22.5 months (mean±SD). Anti-hepatitis-B surface antibody seroconversion occurred in 0.7% of cases, while chronic hepatitis B was found in 0.5%. The anti-hepatitis-D virus (HDV) status was evaluated in 400 patients and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 430. It was found that 1% and 0.2% were positive for anti-HDV and anti-HCV, respectively. HBV serology was investigated in at least 1 family member of 334/438 (76.3%) patients. The HBsAg positivity rate was 34.6% in 625 family members of 334 patients. A comparison of the HBsAg positivity rates in terms of HBV DNA levels in index cases revealed that HBsAg seropositivity rates were higher in family members of HBV DNA-negative patients than in family members of HBV DNA-positive cases (P=0.0001).

Conclusions

The HBsAg positivity rate was higher in family members of inactive HBsAg carriers than in the general population; these family members therefore have a higher risk of HBV transmission. Furthermore, despite negative HBV DNA levels, transmission risk was not reduced in these patients, and horizontal transmission seems to be independent of the HBV DNA value.