Monoclonal antibodies against human granulocytes and myeloid differentiation antigens

Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) were obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice with 99% pure granulocytes from normal donors or with a whole leukocyte suspension obtained from a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patient, and then fusing the mouse spleen cells with a 315–43 myeloma cell clone. Four MCA were selected and studied using ELISA, immunofluorescence, cytotoxicity assays, and FACS analysis. Antibodies 80H.1. 80H.3. and 80H.5 (from normals) and 81H.1 (from CML) detected antigens expressed on neutrophils. Antibodies 80H.1 and 80H.3 (lgG) also reacted with monocytes but not with other blood cell subsets. Antibodies 80H.5 and 81H.1 (lgM) were cytotoxic and reacted strongly with most of the cells of the neutrophil maturation sequence. i.e., myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, and mature granulocytes. Antibodies 80H.5 and 81H.1 also inhibited BFU-GM and CFU-E. Antigens recognized by 80H.3. 80H.5, and 81H.1 were expressed both on a proportion of cells from HL.60, KG.1, ML.1, and K562 myeloid cell lines, and on a proportion of blast cells isolated from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. They were not found on lymphoid cell lines or lymphoid leukemia cells. These MCA recognize either late differentiation antigens expressed on mature neutrophils and monocytes (80H.1 and 80H.3) or early differentiation antigens (80H.5 and 81H.1) specific to the granulocytic lineage. They may be useful for a better definition of those antigens specific to hematopoietic stem cells and their relationship with normal or neoplastic hematopoiesis.     

Placental site trophoblastic tumor of the mediastinum

Choriocarcinoma has been described as the most frequent subtype of mediastinal germ cell tumors showing trophoblastic differentiation. We report a unique case of a placental site trophoblastic tumor, which developed in the mediastinum of a 14-year-old boy 2 years after the resection of a mature teratoma. The recurrent tumor was composed of a grossly hemorrhagic and necrotic mass. Histologically, diffusely infiltrating large polygonal cells with focal nodular growth and a teratomatous part containing mature intestinal, respiratory, and squamous epithelium with adjacent cutaneous adnexal structures were found. The typical morphologic features included vessel wall infiltration by the neoplastic cells with fibrinoid deposits and geographic necroses within the tumor masses. Characteristic diffuse positivity for melanoma cell adhesion molecule and human leucocyte antigen G was found on immunohistochemical investigation, confirming the diagnosis of placental site trophoblastic tumor. The patient died 1 year later after polychemotherapy. The outcome of this rare tumor is similar to the reported poor clinical outcome in patients with mediastinal choriocarcinomas.     

Papillary tumor of the pineal region: Case report and review of the literature

Papillary tumor of the pineal region is a rare neuroepithelial tumor characterized by papillary architecture and epithelial cytology, immunopositivity for cytokeratin and ependymal differentiation. It is considered grade II–III by the World Health Organization and was first described by Jouvet in 2003. We present a 34-year-old male with headaches, blurred vision and normal examination. Radiological study showed a nodulocystic lesion in the pineal region compatible with pineocytoma. Surgery was performed using an infratentorial supracerebellar approach, finding a cystic tumor in the quadrigeminal cistern which was completely resected. Histopathology reported a papillary tumor of the pineal region. The patient made good progress without adjuvant therapy, and after 57 months of follow-up he remained asymptomatic and free of recurrence. A review of the literature was performed to collect all the cases published with gross total resection and no complementary treatment. In conclusion, there is still much to be learned about the pathogenesis, prognosis and management of this tumor.     

Survivin和FLIP在骨巨细胞瘤组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究Survivin和FLIP（FLICE—inhibitory proteins即Fas相关死亡域样白介素1-β转化酶抑制蛋白）在骨巨细胞瘤（GCT）中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化技术检测Survivin和FLIP在22例骨巨细胞瘤、13例骨肉瘤和8例正常骨组织中的表达，并分析其与Iaffe病理分级、x线分型、临床分型、综合分期之间的相关性。结果Survivin和FLIP在骨巨细胞瘤中的表达均明显高于正常骨组织（P〈0．01）。而与骨肉瘤组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；骨巨细胞瘤Jaffe病理分级中Survivin和FLIP的表达在I级和Ⅱ级之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05），但均显著低于Ⅲ级（P〈0．05）。在x线分型、临床分型、综合分期之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论Survivin和FLIP在骨巨细胞瘤的发生发展中可能起重要的作用，其检测为判断骨巨细胞瘤的生物学行为、复发、预后，决定治疗方案，开拓新的治疗方法提供了理论依据。     

The value of recognizing suspect diagnoses in the triple diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is the most frequently over-diagnosed neoplasm in orthopedic pathology because giant cells are a common component of many neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions of bone. Triple diagnosis, requiring substantial individual and collective inputs by orthopedic surgeons, radiologists and pathologists, is the preferred method for the workup of patients with suspected bone neoplasms. At each stage in triple diagnosis, deviations from the typical must be regarded as clues to alternate diagnoses: the greater the deviation, the more a diagnosis of GCT must be considered suspect. A suspect diagnosis must trigger renewed analysis of the available data and a diligent search to exclude alternate diagnoses.This review lists suspect diagnoses of GCT with a brief overview of each.     

雄性大鼠颌下腺中GCT细胞的形态学观察

本文对雄性大鼠颌下腺中的颗粒曲小管细胞(Grantlar ConverlutedTubttle cell 简称 GCT 细胞)进行了光镜和电镜观察,发现 GCT 细胞形态不同,胞质内PAS 阳性物质的形态,数量及分布部位也不同,电镜观察胞质内的颗粒大小及电子密度不同,说明这种细胞有多种功能。     

Cytochemical and Ultrastructural Changes in the Osteoclast-like Giant Cells of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Following Bisphosphonate Administration

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is a local aggressive neoplasm of bone characterized by expansive osteolytic lesions at the epiphysis of long bones. Bisphosphonates have been used to prevent bone resorption in secondary osteolytic tumors because of their strong anti-osteoclastic action. The authors studied the apoptosis and ultrastructural changes induced in osteoclast-like giant cells of GCT, following treatment with the aminobisphosphonate pamidronate in 16 patients with GCT of bone. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify ultrastructural changes, indicative of apoptosis, in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the giant cells. Significant changes were observed in tumor samples from all 16 patients. In the cytoplasm these changes were characterized by abundant large tubular vesicles containing a central electrodense core scattered through the cytoplasm. In addition, mitochondria in the sections from pamidronate-treated patients appeared to be edematous when compared with sections from untreated patients. Nuclear changes in the giants cells were characterized by the formation of dense chromatin material scattered throughout the nucleus. The TUNEL labeling assay indicated that the mean pretreatment apoptotic index of 7.8% increased to 53% following pamidronate treatment. This was statistically significant ( p <.001) and correlated well with the ultrastructural changes noted on TEM. The formation of abundant tubular vesicles in giant cells following bisphosphonate treatment may reflect disturbed vesicular trafficking and may affect the bone resorbing activity of giant cells.