Molecular detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains circulating in Nagaland

The antigenic heterogeneity of Orientia in India is still unknown in many disease endemic areas. The present study aims to characterize the strains of O. tsutsugamushi circulating in Nagaland, Northeast India. Two patients clinically diagnosed with ST and hospitalized in Mon district hospital, Nagaland were identified from whom eschar tissues were collected. Both patients demonstrated antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi along with positive PCR amplification for 56 ?kDa gene. The prototype strain TA763 shared 90.4% homology with the sequences. Both the sequences formed a distinctive cluster demonstrating 100% similarity with strains identified from Thailand, Vietnam, China and southern parts of India.     

焦痂提取液中丙二醛含量对线粒体呼吸及内膜能化作用的影响

大鼠背部20％光辐射Ⅲ度烧伤7天后的焦痂提取液及1:4、1:8稀释液能对正常大鼠肝线粒体呼吸产生明显的抑制作用,相同方法制成的正常皮提取液只呈轻度抑制,1:4稀释液已无抑制作用,两者丙二醛含量相差悬殊,丙二醛含量与抑制率呈相关,但进一步分析表明这种相关为共存现象,丙二醛含量增高不是呼吸率下降的直接原因。丙二醛增高与膜脂双层的破坏有关,内膜能化作用实验表明,当膜脂受到一定程度破坏时,能化作用受到抑制。然而在能化作用未表现异常时,呼吸率已呈一定程度抑制,故呼吸率抑制还受到提取液其他组分的影响。     

A novel rapid and selective enzymatic debridement agent for burn wound management: A multi-center RCT

Objectives

Excisional debridement followed by autografting is the standard of care (SOC) for deep burns, but is associated with serious potential complications. Conservative, non-surgical and current enzymatic debridement methods are inefficiently slow. We determined whether a non-surgical option of rapid enzymatic debridement with the debriding enzyme NexoBrid™ (NXB) would reduce need for surgery while achieving similar esthetic and functional outcomes as SOC.

Methods

We conducted a multi-center, open-label, randomized, controlled clinical trial including patients aged 4-55 years with deep partial and full thickness burns covering 5-30% of their total body surface area (TBSA). Patients were randomly assigned to burn debridement with NXB (applied for 4 h) or SOC, which included surgical excisional or non-surgical debridement.

Results

NXB significantly reduced the time from injury to complete débridement (2.2 vs. 8.7 days, P < 0.0001), need for surgery (24.5% vs. 70.0%, P < 0.0001), the area of burns excised (13.1% vs. 56.7%, P < 0.0001) and the need for autografting (17.9% vs. 34.1%, P = 0.01). Scar quality and quality of life scores were similar in both study groups as were the rates of adverse events.

Conclusions

Enzymatic débridement with NXB resulted in reduced need for and extent of surgery compared with SOC while achieving comparable long-term results in patients with deep burns.

Trial registration

: Clinical Trials.gov NCT00324311.     

磨削痂治疗38例深II度烧伤临床分析

目的：分析比较削痂和磨痂在治疗深II度烧伤创面的应用。方法回顾分析我院2008年4月-2013年12月我科38例深II度烧伤分别采用削痂和磨痂手术,观察比较两组患者手术治疗效果。结果磨痂组创面愈合时间提前3-6天,出血少,愈合质量好,疤痕增生轻。结论采用磨痂的方法治疗深II度烧伤创面,具有操作简便、损伤轻、感染发生率低、创面愈合快、安全性好,有利于患者的早日康复等优点。     

Paediatric scrub typhus in Thailand: a study of 73 confirmed cases

We studied 73 Thai children with scrub typhus (median age 9 years, range 3-14 years, male:female ratio 1.8:1). Most patients (86%) lived in rural areas. They presented with subacute fever (median, 9 d) with vomiting (35%), hepatomegaly (59%), splenomegaly (18%), and tachypnea (26%). Skin rash (7%), eschar (7%), and history of mite bite were rare. Blood leucocyte counts were usually normal but 19% of patients were thrombocytopenic. Twenty (22%) patients had pneumonia and six (8%) had neurological involvement. Defervescence occurred a median of 1 d and 3 d after initiation of doxycycline and chloramphenicol, respectively, and these responses were more rapid than in those who received other antibiotics or no treatment (P < 0.001). There was one death. Only 55% of the patients were initially diagnosed as having scrub typhus.     

Enhancement effect of terpenes on silver sulphadiazine permeation through third-degree burn eschar

Antimicrobial therapy remains one of the most important methods of wound management. Systemically administered antimicrobials may not achieve therapeutic levels in wound and most agents cannot penetrate burn eschar well enough when applied topically. Therefore, we tested the notion to increase permeability of eschar toward topical agents using terpenes, a well-known class of skin permeation enhancers.     

电动磨痂治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的疗效观察

目的：分析比较削痂和电动磨痂在治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的应用。方法：93例深Ⅱ度烧伤住院患者随机分成两组，一组进行削痂手术，另一组行磨痂手术，观察比较两组患者手术治疗效果。结果：与削痂组创面比较，磨痂组创面愈合时间提前5～6d，且愈合质量好，瘢痕增生轻。从病理上看，磨痂手术能最大限度地保留有活力的组织和皮肤附件。结论：用电动磨痂仪施行的磨痂手术操作简单，易于掌握；对组织损伤小，能充分地保留有活力的真皮组织及皮肤附件；创面再上皮化迅速，缩短愈合时间，减轻病人的负担；创面愈合质量好，瘢痕形成轻或无瘢痕。     

再论焦痂薄化术再生烧伤再生疗法中的应用前景

“烧伤再生疗法”的前身是“烧伤湿性医疗技术（ MEBT/MEBO）”,它由烧伤湿润暴露疗法（MEBT）和湿润烧伤膏（MEBO）组成,1991年被列入国家“十年百项”成果首批十项推广技术之一.为了加速创面坏死组织早期液化过程,附加了“耕耘疗法”等项技术,初步形成了具有中国特色的烧伤医疗体系.因为这种疗法能够激活自身成体细胞,使创面实现生理性愈合,又被称为“皮肤原位再生复原技术”,目前已成为我国治疗烧伤的主体技术.为了总结“烧伤再生疗法”治疗深度烧伤的临床经验,探讨加速创面坏死组织液化和缩短再生修复过程的有效方法,作者复习了与之有关的文献.结果发现,耕耘疗法能促进深Ⅱ度深型创面坏死组织液化,使这些创面实现原位再生修复;用其处理Ⅲ度创面,焦痂液化期偏长,从而也延长了烧伤皮肤再生愈合过程.Ⅲ度创面若附以“焦痂薄化术”处理,可有效地缩短液化期,在MEBT/MEBO培植的肉芽组织上移植自体皮肤很容易成活.同时观察到愈合后的皮肤形态近似于正常,组织病理学检查到具有类似于真皮组织的结构.据此认为,“焦痂薄化术”在“烧伤再生疗法”中应用前景十分广阔.     

Our initial learning curve in the enzymatic debridement of severely burned hands—Management and pit falls of initial treatments and our development of a post debridement wound treatment algorithm

Introduction

Excisional surgical debridement (SD) is still the gold standard in the treatment of deeply burned hands, though the intricate anatomy is easily damaged. Previous studies demonstrated that enzymatic debridement with the bromelain debriding agent NexoBrid^® (EDNX) is more selective and thus can preserve viable tissue with excellent outcome results. So far no method paper has been published presenting different treatment algorithms in this new field. Therefore our aim was to close this gap by presenting our detailed learning curve in EDNX of deeply burned hands.