Extensive pectoral muscle necrosis after defibrillation: nonthermal skeletal muscle damage caused by electroporation

A 37-year-old Italian male developed a myocardial infarct with subsequent ventricular fibrillation. He was defibrillated seven times with up to 360 Joules. Thirteen days later the patient died of recurrent myocardial infarct due to thrombotic occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery. At autopsy, necrosis of the right pectoralis muscle was observed. Electroporation is the pathogenetic mechanism of skeletal muscle damage due to multiple defibrillations with high energy levels. Received: 8 January 1998 Accepted: 15 April 1998     

电脉冲致离体S-180细胞电穿孔的观察与研究

扫描电镜下我们观察到了一定强度电脉冲致 S- 180细胞电穿孔的现象。同时分别改变电压、电容、脉冲个数 ,对 S- 180离体细胞进行电脉冲作用 ,通过苔盼蓝追踪 ,发现在一定的条件下 ,随着对 S- 180离体细胞电穿孔的电压越大、电容越小、脉冲个数越多 ,其穿孔百分率越大。     

Prime-boost vaccination regimens with INO-4800 and INO-4802 augment and broaden immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates

The enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion associated with emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants demands the development of next-generation vaccines capable of inducing superior protection amid a shifting pandemic landscape. Since a portion of the global population harbors some level of immunity from vaccines based on the original Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 sequence or natural infection, an important question going forward is whether this immunity can be boosted by next-generation vaccines that target emerging variants while simultaneously maintaining long-term protection against existing strains. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of INO-4800, our synthetic DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19 currently in clinical evaluation, and INO-4802, a next-generation DNA vaccine designed to broadly target emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, as booster vaccines in nonhuman primates. Rhesus macaques primed over one year prior with the first-generation INO-4800 vaccine were boosted with either INO-4800 or INO-4802 in homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimens. Both boosting schedules led to an expansion of T cells and antibody responses which were characterized by improved neutralizing and ACE2 blocking activity across wild-type SARS-CoV-2 as well as multiple variants of concern. These data illustrate the durability of immunity following vaccination with INO-4800 and additionally support the use of either INO-4800 or INO-4802 in prime-boost regimens.     

甲状腺癌细胞系方波电脉冲基因转染条件的探讨

目的：探讨方波脉冲基因电转染对人甲状腺癌细胞系的转染条件和效果。方法：选用pEGFP-Cl作为外源基因与方波电脉冲相结合，以人甲状腺癌细胞系TA-K为导入对象，探讨方波脉冲基因电转染对人甲状腺癌细胞系转染的脉冲幅度，脉冲时值，脉冲次数和反应体系大小。结果：当脉冲幅度在60V／mm时，开始出现阳性细胞，脉冲时值20ms时，基因转染效率可高达35％，细胞生存分数55％，脉冲时值20ms、次数1次转染效率高、细胞死亡率低。200μl混合液电转染后观察，对细胞生存影响不大。结论：脉冲幅度在60V／mm，脉冲时值20ms，脉冲次数1次，反应体系200μl，可以为人甲状腺癌细胞系的转染提供良好效果。     

Workshop report: Nucleic acid delivery devices for HIV vaccines: Workshop proceedings,National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,Bethesda, Maryland,USA, May 21, 2015

On May 21st, 2015, the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened a workshop on delivery devices for nucleic acid (NA) as vaccines in order to review the landscape of past and future technologies for administering NA (e.g., DNA, RNA, etc.) as antigen into target tissues of animal models and humans. Its focus was on current and future applications for preventing and treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) disease, among other infectious-disease priorities. Meeting participants presented the results and experience of representative clinical trials of NA vaccines using a variety of alternative delivery devices, as well as a broader group of methods studied in animal models and at bench top, to improve upon the performance and/or avoid the drawbacks of conventional needle-syringe (N–S) delivery. The subjects described and discussed included (1) delivery targeted into oral, cutaneous/intradermal, nasal, upper and lower respiratory, and intramuscular tissues; (2) devices and techniques for jet injection, solid, hollow, and dissolving microneedles, patches for topical passive diffusion or iontophoresis, electroporation, thermal microporation, nasal sprayers, aerosol upper-respiratory and pulmonary inhalation, stratum-corneum ablation by ultrasound, chemicals, and mechanical abrasion, and kinetic/ballistic delivery; (3) antigens, adjuvants, and carriers such as DNA, messenger RNA, synthesized plasmids, chemokines, wet and dry aerosols, and pollen-grain and microparticle vectors; and (4) the clinical experience and humoral, cellular, and cytokine immune responses observed for many of these target tissues, technologies, constructs, and carriers. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop (https://web.archive.org/web/20160228112310/https://www.blsmeetings.net/NucleicAcidDeliveryDevices/), which was webcast live in its entirety and archived online (http://videocast.nih.gov/summary.asp?live=16059).     

产黄青霉简单高效遗传转化法——电激转化法

目的 研究产黄青霉(P.chrysogenum)电激转化方法,建立产黄青霉快速、高效的遗传转化方法.方法 应用美国Bio-Rad电转仪,将外源DNA转化入产黄青霉菌丝中,研究了菌丝培养时间、电场强度、DNA类型等对遗传转化的影响.结果菌丝培养24h,处于旺盛生长阶段,电场强度为6000V/cm,电阻200Ω,电容20μF,环状质粒DNA较线状能获得转化效率稍高,1μg DNA获得的克隆数可达500个.结论 应用电激转化方法对产黄青霉进行遗传转化属首次报道,特别是可直接将目的片段与T-DNA相融合,转化入产黄青霉中,该方法操作简单,快速高效.     

Irreversible electroporation of pancreatic cancer – Effect on quality of life and pain perception

BackgroundMost pancreatic cancer (PC) patients are incurable and may need palliative treatment at some point in time. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel ablative treatment, which aims to provide local tumor control. The aim of this study was to examine how consolidative treatment with IRE affects quality of life (QOL) and pain perception (PP) in patients with non-metastatic pancreatic cancer.MethodsSecondary outcomes were extracted from a prospective cohort of non-metastatic PC patients treated with IRE from 2013 to 2019. Patients filled in two questionnaires examining QOL and PP at different timepoints during treatment and follow-up. Data from a selected panel of subscales were extracted and analyzed using a mixed random intercept regression model.ResultsSubscales from 41 patients at four different timepoints were included in the model. Global health status, physical functioning, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, appetite loss and mean pain interference were negatively impacted (p < 0.05) in the short- and mid-term, corresponding to a low or moderate clinical effect size. However, all negative effects showed a tendency to dissipate over time.ConclusionsIRE treatment negatively impacted QOL and PP in the short- and mid-term. No positive long-term effects of IRE were found.     

强电脉冲治疗肿瘤提高抗癌药物疗效的研究

报道了用强电脉冲结合抗癌药物环磷酰胺作用于昆明小鼠S-180肉瘤。实验结果表明，电场 药物组的治疗效果最佳，与对照组相比，呈显著差异。同时观察到电场的作用可以抑制肿瘤的微血管形成，这样就减少了对癌细胞的营养供应、降低其新陈代谢，从而抑制了肿瘤的生长。     

应用细菌人工染色体技术体外繁殖人巨细胞病毒

目的体外快速繁殖人巨细胞病毒（ HCMV）。方法用试剂盒抽提、纯化重组HCMV细菌人工染色体（BAC）,以重组HCMV细菌人工染色体（BAC-HCMV）为模板扩增UL82基因,酶切后连接至pcDNA载体,构建pcDNA-pp71重组质粒,转化感受态宿主菌,抽提及鉴定重组质粒。通过电穿孔技术将BAC-HCMV与鉴定成功的pcDNA-pp71重组质粒共转染人包皮成纤维细胞,通过多重PCR法及观察细胞病变效应、绿色荧光蛋白等方法鉴定培养后获得的HCMV。结果（1）获得pcDNA-pp71重组质粒,经PCR及双酶切后,片段大小与预期相符,进一步测序鉴定成功。（2） BAC-HCMV与pcDNA-pp71共转染人包皮成纤维细胞,出现细胞病变效应,经荧光显微镜观察可见绿色荧光。（3）以培养出的病毒DNA为模板进行多重PCR扩增,获得两条与预期大小相符的条带,鉴定HCMV体外繁殖成功。结论应用BAC技术成功在体外快速繁殖HC-MV,为HCMV研究提供实验材料,也为进一步研究HCMV分子机制奠定基础。     

电穿孔介导的基因治疗对兔下颌骨牵引区新生骨骨密度与强度的影响

目的 探索电穿孔介导的基因治疗对下颌骨DO过程中牵引间隙新生骨密度与强度的影响,从而为促进下颌骨DO新骨生成,缩短牵引周期,减少并发症提供新思路.方法 以新西兰大白兔为实验动物模型,于术后3 d开始下颌骨牵引,每天0.8 mm,连续牵引7 d后,将实验动物分为5组.A组:在牵引区注射2 μg(O.1μg/μl)重组质粒pIRES-hVEGF165-hBMP2;B组:在牵引区注射2 μg(0.1μg/μl)重组质粒pIRES-hBMP2;C组:在牵引区注射2 μg(0.1μg/μl)重组质粒pIRES-hVEGF165;D组:在牵引区注射2 μg(0.1μg/μl)空质粒pIRES;E组:在牵引区注射相同剂量的生理盐水.5组实验动物均施加电穿孔刺激.各组分别于固定期第1、2、4、8周行X线及QCT检查.选整个牵张间隙新生骨痂部分为兴趣区,测定骨密度.然后处死动物.取材测量牵引区新生骨的三点抗压强度.结果 A、B、C组新生骨痂密度各时相点新生骨痂密度明显高于D、E组(P<0.01).固定2周,A组明显高于各组,但B、c组间比较差异无统计学意义.固定4周,A、B组明显高于C、D、E组(P<0.01).固定8周A组明显高于B、c、D、E组(P<0.01).B、C组间比较差异无统计学意义,但高于D、E组(P<0.01).固定4周,A组新生骨的三点抗压强度明显高于B、C、D、E组(P<0.01).固定8周,A组仍明显高于各组(P<0.01),且B组也明显高于c、D、E组(P<0.05).结论 电脉冲介导的pIRES-hVEGF165-hBMP2重组质粒体内转染可使牵引区获得较满意的骨再生和骨化成熟进程,其新骨骨化、改建过程均超过对照组.提示联合应用BMP与VEGF,可能会实现成骨与血供的联合重建,并且使单一生长因子的效应放大,使骨愈合的速度加快.