神经保护剂鸡尾酒疗法对海马神经元氧糖剥离（OGD）后神经元凋亡及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl一2表达的影响

目的：探讨不同类型神经保护剂联合应用即鸡尾酒（cocktail）疗法是否较单一神经保护剂对海马神经元培养氧糖剥离（OGD）后有更好的保护作用。方法：采用海马神经元培养氧糖剥离（OGD）模型，分为1，6-二磷酸果糖（FDP）组、MK-801组、N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）组、cocktail组和对照组，观察神经元凋亡及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达情况。结果：cocktail组神经元凋亡减少，Bcl-2表达增多，与单-用药各组相比有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：神经保护剂cocktail疗法对神经元缺血保护作用较单一用药明显增强。     

禁食豚鼠应激能力观察

本文对不同禁食时间饥饿豚鼠的应激能力和心电活动进行了测量。结果显示：禁食早期（１２小时）豚鼠应激能力增加和体重增加，随着禁食时间延长机体应激能力下降和体重下降，并可出现明显的心律减缓。     

The effect of light deprivation on the electro retinogram of the guinea pig

Summary The b-wave in the ERG of guinea pigs born and reared in darkness for three months is considerably smaller than that in animals of the same age reared under normal circumstances.Exposure to room illumination for ten days greatly restores the ERG. The ERG in four days old light deprived animals is normally developed. A three months light deprivation period causes a relatively small effect in normally raised adult animals.From these experiments it is concluded that the initial ERG development in the guinea pig is not affected by light deprivation. However, once developed the ERG in new born animals is more vulnerable to prolonged light deprivation than that in adult ones.     

救脑宁注射液对培养神经细胞缺氧缺糖损伤的保护作用

为了探索“救脑宁”注射液对中风病的疗效机理 ,将原代培养 8～ 12d的新生大鼠皮层神经细胞进行缺氧缺糖处理 ,观察该药对缺氧缺糖损伤神经细胞的影响。结果表明 :缺氧缺糖组细胞上清液中丙二醛 (MDA)含量、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)活性较对照组显著升高 ,细胞超氧化物岐化酶 (SOD)活性和细胞生存率则显著降低 ,救脑宁组MDA、LDH显著低于缺氧缺糖组 ,而SOD活性及细胞生存率则高于缺氧缺糖组 (P <0 0 1)。因此 ,抗脂质过氧化损伤、提高神经细胞对缺氧缺糖的耐受性 ,可能是其疗效机理之一。     

Protocolo del Estudio Poblacional Multinivel de las Desigualdades Socioeconómicas en la Distribución Geográfica de la Incidencia,la Mortalidad y la Supervivencia Neta del Cáncer en España: Estudio DESOCANES

Incidence and mortality provide information on the burden of cancer morbidity and the potential years of life lost due to cancer. The Spanish Deprivation Index (SDI) has been developed as a standardized measure to study socioeconomic deprivation in Spain at the census tract level. In addition, SDI information can be combined with ecological variables at the population level and data from the High-Resolution European Studies in Cancer. The aim of this study is to characterize socioeconomic inequalities in incidence, excess mortality, premature mortality and net survival for three of the most incident cancers (lung, colon-rectum and breast) in Spain using the SDI. This national population-based study will assess the impact of socioeconomic inequalities using a multilevel modelling approach. Spatial analysis, multilevel modeling, net survival and economic impact assessment will be used. The results will be useful for supporting decision-making, planning, and management of public health interventions aimed at reducing the impact of socioeconomic inequalities in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients in Spain.     

丹参多酚酸与三七总皂苷合用保护OGD/R损伤胶质细胞线粒体、促进神经因子表达作用研究*

目的 探讨丹参多酚酸（Salvianolate Acid，SAL）和三七总皂苷（Panax Notoginseng Saponins，PNS）合用保护氧糖剥夺/复氧复糖（Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation，OGD/R）损伤后星形胶质细胞线粒体、促进神经营养因子表达的作用及机制。方法 大鼠星形胶质细胞原代培养，建立OGD/R损伤模型。Cell counting kit-8（CCK-8）法检测星形胶质细胞活力，流式细胞仪检测活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）释放量、胞内Ca2+ 浓度、线粒体膜电位（mitochondrial membrane potential，MMP）变化，实时定量PCR（real time polymerase chain reaction，RT-PCR）和蛋白质免疫印迹（western blot，WB）法检测HIF-1α、PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路蛋白及脑源性神经营养因子（brain-derived neurotrophic factor，BDNF）、神经生长因子（nerve growth factor，NGF）、胰岛素样生长因子（insulin-like growth factors，IGF-1α）的表达情况。结果 胶质细胞OGD/R条件确定为OGD4h/R24h，给药浓度确定为SAL 25 μg·mL-1、PNS 6.25 μg·mL-1。与OGD/R组相比，SAL 25 μg·mL-1、PNS 6.25 μg·mL-1、SAL 25 μg·mL-1与PNS 6.25 μg·mL-1合用均能增强损伤后星形胶质细胞活力（P＜0.05），升高MMP，降低ROS释放量（P＜0.05），降低损伤后星形胶质细胞HIF-1α蛋白和mRNA的表达，升高磷脂酰肌醇激酶（PI3K）磷酸化水平（P＜0.05）；SAL还可升高mTOR蛋白磷酸化水平（P＜0.05），PNS可提高Akt磷酸化水平（P＜0.05），增加损伤星形胶质细胞BDNF mRNA 表达（P＜0.05）；SAL、SAL与PNS合用能增加损伤后星形胶质细胞 BDNF、NGF、IGF-1α mRNA 表达（P＜0.05）。结论 丹参多酚酸和三七总皂苷组分合用可保护OGD/R损伤后星形胶质细胞线粒体、促进胶质细胞表达神经营养因子BDNF、NGF、IGF-1α。     

Early Experiences of Threat,but Not Deprivation,Are Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging in Children and Adolescents

Background

Recent conceptual models argue that early life adversity (ELA) accelerates development, which may contribute to poor mental and physical health outcomes. Evidence for accelerated development in youths comes from studies of telomere shortening or advanced pubertal development following circumscribed ELA experiences and neuroimaging studies of circuits involved in emotional processing. It is unclear whether all ELA is associated with accelerated development across global metrics of biological aging or whether this pattern emerges following specific adversity types.

The geographic harmonisation of Scotland's small area census data, 1981 to 2011

Previous research in Scotland used a merging approach to combine census boundary data for geographies specific to 1981, 1991 and 2001 to create Consistent Areas Through Time (CATTs) for the analysis of health and social data for small areas. In this paper, we adopt the same methodology to integrate the 2011 Scottish Output Areas to the CATTs. First, we overlaid the 2001 Output Areas upon the 2011 Output Areas to create SUPER OAs, which were then combined with SUPER EDs, which represented a consistent small area geography for 1981 and 1991. This resulted in 8,548 CATTs providing a consistent geography for the 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011 Censuses in Scotland. We demonstrate the utility of the CATTs by exploring the correlations between deprivation, the proportion of the population who were permanently sick and those with degree qualifications, across the 4 censuses, a research angle impossible without consistent geographies. We have provided a resource that enables users to deepen their understanding of small area social changes in Scotland between the 1981 and 2011 Censuses.     

Prediabetes and deprivation: A couple at high risk of diabetes

AimThe higher prevalence of diabetes in deprived populations is well documented but little is known about the risk of diabetes associated with deprivation among pre-diabetic subjects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of diabetes in a population of deprived pre-diabetic patients.Methods2743 pre-diabetic subjects identified using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, 16 to 85 years old, 1656 non-deprived and 1087 deprived, had at least two health check-ups at an interval of 4.95 (2.04) vs 3.20 (1.71) years, P < 0.0001, respectively. At the first visit, socioeconomic status was assessed using the EPICES score to differentiate deprived and non-deprived subjects.ResultsAt the second visit, the prevalence of overt diabetes was 9.5% among deprived vs 5.1% in the non-deprived group (P < 0.001). After adjustment on confounding factors, deprivation was found independently associated with occurrence of diabetes [1.70 (1.15–2.51), P = 0.01]. Beyond social deprivation, Fasting Plasma Glucose and waist circumference were the main independent predictors of new-onset diabetes.ConclusionAfter 4 years of follow-up, among subjects with prediabetes, prevalence of diabetes was twice as high among deprived compared with non-deprived subjects. Deprived populations with pre-diabetes may require specific public health approaches to avoid the occurrence of overt diabetes.