Successful Use of Surgically Placed Impella 5.0 and Central Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuit in a Patient with Postcardiotomy Shock

The Impella 5.0, a percutaneously inserted left ventricular assist device, has been used to support patients who have severe heart failure or who are undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention. We report our surgical placement of the Impella 5.0, through a graft sewn to the aorta, to unload the left ventricle of a 59-year-old man who was undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for postcardiotomy shock. The patient underwent successful placement of a long-term left ventricular assist device before his discharge from the hospital. The versatility of the Impella 5.0 is exemplified in this patient who was successfully bridged to long-term support.     

内窥镜辅助下经口咽前路寰枢椎减压术

目的：探讨内窥镜辅助下经口咽前路寰枢椎减压术的临床效果。方法：1998年8月～2004年8月对38例陈旧性寰枢椎脱位患者采用内窥镜辅助下经口咽前入路减压术，其中18例行一期经口咽入路减压和后路枕颈内固定术：15例行经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板内固定术；5例不可复型仅行经口咽前入路减压术。结果：平均随访38个月（6～96个月）。术后患者临床症状均明显改善，上颈段脊髓减压改善率达89.3％。发生颅内感染1例，前路钢板松脱1例。结论：与常规减压方法相比，内窥镜辅助下经口咽前路寰枢椎减压手术创伤小，操作精细、准确，术中与助手可协同操作。     

The role of JOA score as an indication for surgical or conservative treatment of symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- to medium-term results (up to 2 years) of conservative and surgical treatments of patients with symptomatic lumbar stenosis. To our knowledge, no previous study has provided strict indications for conservative or surgical treatment. We retrospectively studied 184 patients, who were divided into 3 groups according to JOA (Japanese Orthopaedic Association) score. A cutoff JOA score was arbitrarily fixed at 7. Patients with a score ≤7 (n=12; group A) underwent surgery, while patients with a score >7 (n=172) were conservatively treated. Group A included patients surgically treated within two months from diagnosis. Group B consisted of 144 patients who received conservative treatment, while group C (28 patients) represented patients who underwent surgery after a period of failed conservative treatment. The outcomes of surgical and conservative treatments were evaluated after 12 and 24 months, and were rated as satisfactory, not totally satisfactory, not satisfactory or totally unsatisfactory. Conservative treatment consisted of physical, orthotic and drug therapy, whereas surgical treatment included spinal decompression and instrumentation (if indicated), either rigidly or dynamically performed. Surgery was indicated in 22% of all patients and we obtained excellent results in 85% of them. Operative treatment provides excellent results for patients with severe clinical presentation (JOA score ≤7), while individuals with mild to moderate spinal stenosis (JOA score >7) should receive conservative treatment.     

下颈椎再手术的原因分析(附23例报告)

[目的]回顾分析23例下颈椎患者再手术的原因.[方法]患者23例,其中前路手术12例,后路9例,前后联合入路2例,均行植骨融合内固定.术前评估了病史、影像学、神经功能(Nurick分级)等.[结果]平均随访2.6 a,Nurick分级,除2例仍为V级外,余21例均提高了Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.14例颈前路融合患者均骨性愈合.5例患者术后残留有取骨区不适.[结论]本组再手术的原因分别为减压不彻底或未减压、忽视影像学检查、假关节、内植物并发症、后凸畸形及手术相邻节段的退变性疾病.再手术目的仍为充分减压、植骨融合内固定.     

一期后、前路手术治疗发育性颈椎管狭窄症合并巨大椎间盘突出

目的：评价一期后、前路手术治疗发育性颈椎管狭窄合并巨大椎间盘突出的特点及疗效。方法：回顾分析2002年2月至2006年1月接受该术式的21例患者的临床资料,对手术前后临床表现、JOA评分、MRI影像变化以及术后神经功能改善率及并发症进行总结分析。结果：术后未发生神经系统症状加重、感染及内固定失效等并发症。获得1年以上随访者21例,平均随访时间为29.2个月,术后3个月、12个月时神经功能改善率分别为：58%、66%;16例获得2年以上随访者神经功能改善率为71%。结论：一期后、前路手术治疗发育性颈椎管狭窄合并巨大椎间盘突出可缩短治疗周期,相对节省治疗费用,同时解除了硬膜囊前、后方的压迫,减压彻底,疗效满意。     

经前路颈椎多节段椎管扩大术的实验研究

目的设计颈椎前路椎管扩大术式并探讨该术式的可行性,为颈椎管多节段狭窄症提供新的手术方法。方法标本实验:选用4具C1～T1尸体颈椎标本,去除前方肌肉,保留后侧肌肉及固有韧带,解剖出横突孔,沿椎动脉走行,穿入直径3mm橡胶管,注入造影剂。沿C4～6椎体前正中纵行劈开,依次横向撑开3、6、9、12mm,并用木块填塞,三维CT下观察椎管前后径、横径、截面积、两侧椎动脉的直径、间距,神经根管变化。动物实验:用4只成年绵羊,麻醉后暴露出C3,4颈椎前方,将C3,4椎体纵向劈开,横向撑开9mm,取同侧胫骨9mm×9mm×15mm骨块植入撑开区。术后观察四肢运动恢复情况。结果标本在撑开3、6、9mm后,椎管前后径平均增加1.14%、3.53%、5.15%,横径增加7.92%、14.62%、22.74%,截面积增加8.52%,17.99%,25.01%;在撑开3、6、9mm时,两侧椎动脉走行间距平行,撑开12mm时,在C3,4和C6,7椎间椎动脉间距相差2mm,但走行无折屈、受压。撑开前后神经根管各径及长度无变化。标本在撑开3、6、9mm时未见骨折,撑开12mm时2具左侧、1具右侧椎板靠近棘突部骨折,均为裂纹骨折,无移位。4只绵羊术后第2d四肢可以自由行走,无神经、血管损伤征兆。结论经前路颈椎体纵向劈开扩大术,可以增加椎管容积、不影响脊柱三柱稳定结构。动物实验表明椎体横向撑开一定范围内(≤9mm)对颈髓及周围组织无损伤迹象。实验结果初步证实经前路颈椎椎管扩大术安全有效。     

双减压椎间融合术治疗椎动脉型颈椎病（附24例报告）

从1987年2月至1991年10月对24例诊断明确的椎动脉型颈椎病患者进行了双减压椎间融合术(BIFO)。其方法是在病变侧行横突前弓及钩椎关节骨赘切除,并行病椎椎间盘切除植骨融合。术后经1.5～5.2年随访,除2例恢复较慢外余皆在不同时间内康复,近远期效果满意。认为BIFO术式是既能去除椎动脉受压主要因素,又能稳定椎体,是一种新的有效的手术治疗方法。     

甲状腺手术喉返神经损伤规律及治疗的探讨

目的 探讨甲状腺手术喉返神经损伤的规律及中早期神经减压的疗效。方法 甲状腺手术喉返神经损伤单侧声带麻痹87例,其中行喉返神经探查65例,非手术治疗22例。探查术中观察喉返神经损伤部位、类型、程度及神经肌肉形态;对缝扎、粘连伤行神经减压治疗14例。治疗前后以喉镜、嗓音声学参数、肌电图检查等评价治疗效果。结果 探查发现喉返神经被缝线结扎、瘢痕粘连压迫、断离分别占43％(28/65)、9％(6/65)、48％(31/65)。损伤部位以近环甲关节处多见,占75％(49/65);甲状腺中下部占25％(16/65)。病程半年以内者喉内肌及损伤处远端神经干萎缩并不严重,病程越长萎缩变性越明显。神经切断伤上述改变较缝扎伤及压迫伤更为明显;但病程18个月喉内肌仍可见肌纤维组织结构。病程3个月内神经减压10例中9例声带恢复了不同程度的内收及外展功能;病程3个月以内1例、3-5个月4例神经减压术后声带未恢复运动,但均恢复了正常的肌张力、肌体积,声带振动及黏膜波对称,嗓音亦恢复正常。非手术治疗组声嘶有改善,但嗓音未恢复正常,声带亦未恢复运动。结论 通过喉返神经探查初步揭示甲状腺手术喉返神经损伤的规律,中早期喉返神经减压术能恢复声带生理性运动功能。     

标准外伤大骨瓣减压术与常规骨瓣减压术治疗严重对冲性颅脑损伤的临床对比研究

目的评价标准外伤大骨瓣减压手术治疗严重对冲性颅脑损伤的疗效。方法32例脑疝形成的对冲性颅脑损伤患者采用标准外伤大骨瓣开颅内外减压手术治疗,并与同期收治的24例常规骨瓣开颅手术组进行比较,分析其疗效。结果标准外伤大骨瓣减压手术治疗组32例中,恢复良好21例(占65.6%),死亡5例(占15.6%);常规骨瓣开颅手术组24例中,恢复良好9例(占37.5%),死亡10例(占41.7%)。2组对比,恢复良好率和死亡率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),标准外伤大骨瓣减压手术治疗组预后明显优于常规骨瓣开颅手术组。结论标准外伤性大骨瓣内外减压手术能明显改善严重对冲性颅脑损伤病人的预后,并降低死亡率。