A convenient synthesis of [11C]paraquat and other [N‐methyl‐11C]bisquaternary ammonium compounds

[¹¹C]Paraquat was synthesized by the reaction of [¹¹C]methyl triflate with the mono‐triflate salt of 1‐methyl‐[4,4′]bipyridinyl. The product was selectively separated from the precursor by a microcolumn of Chelex 100 ion exchange resin. The method was applied to the synthesis of a variety of [N‐methyl‐¹¹C]bisquaternary ammonium compounds. This is the first reported use of a chelating cation exchange resin for the selective purification of organic dications. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

检测滤纸干血滴中间日疟原虫(英文)

从滤纸干血滴上用Chelex处理洗脱下的疟原虫DNA,经套式PCR扩增间日疟原虫SSUrRNA基因特异性121bp片段,分析该方法的敏感性和特异性。37例血样检测结果全部阳性,当原虫密度低至25个原虫/uL血时仍可成功检测到该特异条带,且其它三种人疟原虫(恶性疟原虫,三日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫)血样均为阴性。提示滤纸干血滴与PCR扩增技术相结合,是疟疾诊断或流行病学调查的实用工具。     

Chelex100法从贮存食管拉网脱落细胞涂片中提取DNA并作PCR分析的应用和意义

目的探讨从贮存20年的食管拉网脱落细胞涂片的微量细胞中抽提DNA的方法和可行性;比较p53基因在正常食管上皮和重度不典型增生上皮中的突变差异。方法利用螯合型离子交换树脂Chelex100作为介质,一步法从食管拉网脱落细胞中提取用作PCR分析的DNA,共提取食管正常上皮与重度不典型增生上皮细胞涂片各24例,采用PCR-SSCP分析法进行p53基因第7外显子的突变检测。结果所有48例标本中微量细胞的DNA抽提均获成功;正常食管组p53基因第7外显子均未发生突变,重度不典型增生组5例发生突变,其中3例在10年、12年、14年后转变为食管癌。结论Chelex100法简便、高效,能从微量细胞中抽提DNA,使对20年前食管拉网细胞涂片进行分子水平的检测成为可能;p53基因第7外显子的突变使食管上皮重度不典型增生细胞具有了癌变趋势。     

一种改良的人DNA微量快速检验技术

目的 探索一种以口腔粘膜脱落细胞为材料的安全、高效、低成本、敏感性高的人DNA微量快速检测方法。方法 采用从漱口液或棉签擦拭口腔粘膜获取脱落细胞,应用混合树脂（Chelex100）煮沸沉淀法提取DNA;用PCR分别对线粒体特异性DNA片断和基因组中的特定基因进行扩增检测。结果 通过对线粒体DNA中440 bp的非编码片段和染色体基因组中220 bp的乙醛脱氢酶DNA片段进行扩增,结果显示,从漱口液脱落细胞提取的DNA中可以稳定地扩增出上述两种DNA片断。结论 建立了一种改良的人口腔粘膜脱落细胞DNA微量快速检验技术。该法取样方便,DNA样品获取量较大,一次取样可同时进行多项线粒体和基因组标志DNA片段的快速PCR检测。     

Preparation of radioactive lead complexes utilizing Chelex methodology

The use of Chelex resin for the synthesis of radioactive lead complexes has been explored. The process involved immobilization of ²⁰³Pb on the resin and subsequent elution of complexed lead by chelating agents. ²⁰³Pb complexes derived from meso- and racemic dimercaptosuccinic acid (meso-DMSA, rac-DMSA) were prepared and assessed for stability in vitro.     

Extraction of Hg(I), Hg(II) and methylmercury using polyethylene glycol based aqueous biphasic system

Extraction behavior of three different salts of mercury, HgCl₂, Hg₂Cl₂ and CH₃HgCl, were studied in a polyethylene glycol based aqueous biphasic extraction system (ABS). The results were compared with extraction pattern in a liquid–liquid system using methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK), against HCl and a solid chelating ion exchanger, Chelex 100. The results showed a variable extent of partitioning of different salts of mercury using MIBK and Chelex 100 as ion exchangers. However, when ABS was employed, complete extractions of all the three species of mercury were achieved irrespective of their chemical form.     

Isolation and next generation sequencing of archival formalin-fixed DNA

DNA from archived organs is presumed unsuitable for genomic studies because of excessive formalin-fixation. As next generation sequencing (NGS) requires short DNA fragments, and Uracil-N-glycosylase (UNG) can be used to overcome deamination, there has been renewed interest in the possibility of genomic studies using these collections. We describe a novel method of DNA extraction capable of providing PCR amplicons of at least 400 bp length from such excessively formalin-fixed human tissues. When compared with a leading commercial formalin-fixed DNA extraction kit, our method produced greater yields of DNA and reduced sequence variations. Analysis of PCR products using bacterial sub-cloning and Sanger sequencing from UNG-treated DNA unexpectedly revealed increased sequence variations, compared with untreated samples. Finally, whole exome NGS was performed on a myocardial sample fixed in formalin for 2 years and compared with lymphocyte-derived DNA (as a gold standard) from the same patient. Despite the reduction in the number and quality of reads in the formalin-fixed DNA, we were able to show that bioinformatic processing by joint calling and variant quality score recalibration (VQSR) increased the sensitivity four-fold to 56% and doubled specificity to 68% when compared with a standard hard-filtering approach. Thus, high-quality DNA can be extracted from excessively formalin-fixed tissues and bioinformatic processing can optimise sensitivity and specificity of results. Sequencing of several sub-cloned amplicons is an important methodological step in assessing DNA quality.     

快速提取细菌DNA方法的研究

目的:研究快速、有效可以应用于压电基因传感器对病原微生物的快速检测的DNA的提取方法。方法:采用沸水浴法,酚、氯仿法,chelex1 0 0法和试剂盒法提取金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC2 5 92 3、铜绿假单胞菌ATCC 2 785 3和大肠杆菌ATCC 2 5 92 2的DNA对产物进行纯度和产量测定,并对1 6SrDNA区域利用通用引物进行扩增。初步应用自行研制的压电基因传感器检测金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC2 5 92 3的PCR产物。结果:除沸水浴法,其他3种方法均能抽提出3种细菌的DNA与1 0 0法和酚、氯仿法抽提产物的纯度和产量差异无显著性(P >0 .0 5 ) ,但chelex1 0 0法操作更为简单、成本低;试剂盒法抽提出的产物纯度和产量明显高于酚、氯仿法、chelex1 0 0法P <0 . 0 5 ) ,但成本高,操作繁琐。结论:chelex1 0 0法操作简便、省时、成本低,适宜用于压电传感器样本的预处理。     

The Cd-Chelex assay: A new sensitive method to determine metallothionein containing zinc and cadmium

A rapid and sensitive one-vial procedure to determine metallothionein (MT) containing zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) is described. New features of this Cd-saturation method are: high molecular weight Cd-binding proteins are denatured by treatment with acetonitrile (50% final concentration), and excess of Cd is bound to a cation exchange resin (Chelex-100). With this method, MT has been measured, e.g. in liver of control and zinc- or cadmium-treated rats, in human liver and in cultured human fibroblasts down to absolute amounts of 0.1 g. The Cd-Chelex assay is 10 times more sensitive than the established Cd-heme assay (Dieter et al. 1986) and therefore is particularly suitable to quantify MT in small tissue samples (e.g., liver biopsies of a few milligrams) and in extrahepatic tissues or cell cultures with low MT concentrations.     

Zinc enhances CDKN2A,pRb1 expression and regulates functional apoptosis via upregulation of p53 and p21 expression in human breast cancer MCF-7 cell

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace elements, its deficiency is associated with increased incidence of human breast cancer. We aimed to study the effect of Zn on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells cultured in Zn depleted and Zn adequate medium. We found increased cancer cell growth in zinc depleted condition, further Zn supplementation inhibits the viability of breast cancer MCF-7 cell cultured in Zn deficient condition and the IC_25, IC₅₀ value for Zn is 6.2 μM, 15 μM, respectively after 48 h. Zn markedly induced apoptosis through the characteristic apoptotic morphological changes and DNA fragmentation after 48 h. In addition, Zn deficient cells significantly triggered intracellular ROS level and develop oxidative stress induced DNA damage; it was confirmed by elevated expression of CYP1A, GPX, GSK3β and TNF-α gene. Zinc depleted MCF-7 cells expressed significantly (p ≤ 0.001) decreased levels of CDKN2A, pRb1, p53 and increased the level of mdm2 expression. Zn supplementation (IC₅₀ = 15 μM), increased significantly CDKN2A, pRB1 & p53 and markedly reduced mdm2 expression; also protein expression levels of CDKN2A and pRb1 was significantly increased. In addition, intrinsic apoptotic pathway related genes such as Bax, caspase-3, 8, 9 & p21 expression was enhanced and finally induced cell apoptosis. In conclusion, physiological level of zinc is important to prevent DNA damage and MCF-7 cell proliferation via regulation of tumor suppressor gene.