Association of antiviral prophylaxis and rituximab use with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs): A nationwide cohort study

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious complication of solid organ transplantation (SOT). Most PTLD cases are associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. The role of antiviral prophylaxis or rituximab therapy for prevention of PTLD in SOT recipients is controversial. In a nationwide cohort, we assessed the incidence, presentation, and outcome of histologically proven PTLD. We included 4765 patients with a follow-up duration of 23 807 person-years (py). Fifty-seven PTLD cases were identified; 39 (68%) were EBV positive (EBV+ PTLD). Incidence rates for EBV+ PTLD at 1, 2, and 3 years posttransplant were 3.51, 2.24, and 1.75/1000 py and 0.44, 0.25, and 0.29/1000 py for EBV− PTLD. We did not find an effect of antiviral prophylaxis on early and late EBV+ PTLD occurrence (early EBV+ PTLD: SHR 0.535 [95% CI 0.199–1.436], p = .264; late EBV+ PTLD: SHR 2.213, [95% CI 0.751–6.521], p = .150). However, none of the patients (0/191) who received a rituximab-containing induction treatment experienced PTLD, but 57 of 4574 patients without rituximab induction developed PTLD. In an adjusted restricted mean survival time model, PTLD-free survival was significantly longer (0.104 years [95% CI 0.077–0.131]) in patients receiving rituximab as induction treatment. This study provides novel data on the association of rituximab induction and reduced risk for PTLD.     

吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶在肿瘤及肿瘤耐药中的研究现状

吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶(IDO)是一种肝外催化色氨酸沿犬尿氨酸途径降解的限速酶。IDO抑制药被用在不同恶性肿瘤及耐药肿瘤治疗的相关实验中,特别是与放疗和化疗相结合时取得了良好的效果。本文将对IDO及其抑制药对肿瘤及肿瘤耐药的影响进行综述。     

Rethinking Medicaid Coverage and Payment Policy to Promote High Value Care: The Case of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception

Context

Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is the most effective reversible method to prevent unplanned pregnancies. Variability in state-level policies and the high cost of LARC could create substantial inconsistencies in Medicaid coverage, despite federal guidance aimed at enhancing broad access. This study surveyed state Medicaid payment policies and outreach activities related to LARC to explore the scope of services covered.

UF-5000和UC-3500联合检测尿液有形成分的应用价值探讨

探讨UF-5000全自动尿沉渣分析仪和UC-3500尿干化学分析仪联合在尿液有形成分检测中的应用价值。方法： 收集2870例随机尿液标本,每个标本分成两等份,一份以仪器UF-5000和UC-3500检测,另一份离心显微镜镜检。仪器结果与显微镜结果进行比较分析,评估仪器测定RBC和WBC的检出效能。结果：与显微镜法比较,UF-5000检测尿RBC和WBC的敏感性分别为67.53%和87.25%、特异性分别为95.43%和96.93%、一致性分别为89.48% (Kappa=0.668,P<0.001)和94.84%(Kappa=0.847,P<0.001),假阴性率为32.46%和12.74%。UC-3500检测尿RBC和WBC的敏感性分别为90.37%和78.18%、特异性84.60%和97.47%、一致性分别为85.96%(Kappa=0.669, P<0.001)和93.48% (Kappa=0.793,P<0.001),假阴性率为9.63%和21.82%。UF-5000+UC-3500联合检测尿RBC和WBC的敏感性分别为93.35%和88.54%、特异性分别为82.75%和94.28%、一致性分别为85.37% (Kappa=0.659,P<0.001)和92.99% (Kappa=0.805,P<0.001),假阴性率为6.65%和11.46%（P<0.001)。 结论：联合运用UF-5000和UC-3500尿液分析仪测定可保证尿有形成分分析结果的准确性。     

主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的:总结主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的外科治疗经验。方法:3例右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉(迷走左锁骨下动脉型)合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的患者经胸部右后外切口行胸降主动脉置换术、迷走左锁骨下动脉缝扎术。结果:3例患者均痊愈出院,住院天数7～10 d,无左上肢缺血症状及神经系统并发症。结论:主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行胸降主动脉置换术方法可行,临床疗效满意,术中判断后行迷走左锁骨下动脉缝扎术,可简化手术方式,但应避免术后左上肢缺血坏死。     

UPLC–MS/MS同时测定大鼠血、脑脊液中奎硫平及其活性代谢物

 目的建立同时测定大鼠血、脑脊液中奎硫平及其活性代谢物7-羟基奎硫平羟7-羟基-N-去烷基奎硫平浓度的UPLC-MS/MS法。方法样品经碱化后用叔丁基甲醚提取,采用Acquity UPLC^TM BEH C₁₈柱(2.1mm×50mm,1.7μm),柱温40℃,以水(含50mmol·L^-1醋酸铵,3‰甲酸)-乙腈(73∶27)为流动相,流速0.25mL·min^-1,进样量5μL。采用电喷雾离子化四极杆串联质谱,选择离子监测方式进行扫描,测定样品浓度,卡马西平作为内标。结果血浆中:奎硫平在0.0775～155μg·L^-1,7-羟基奎硫平在0.049～98μg·L^-1,7-羟基-N-去烷基奎硫平在0.067～670μg·L^-1内线性关系良好,萃取回收率均>89%,方法回收率均>87%,,内羟,间,密度RSD均<9%。脑脊液中:奎硫平在0.02～38.75μg·L^-1,7-羟基奎硫平在0.0098～29.5μg·L^-1,7-羟基-N-去烷基奎硫平在0.067～670μg·L^-1内线性关系良好,萃取回收率均>87%,方法回收率均>85%,,内羟,间,密度RSD均<16%。结论该方法该该度高、快速羟该确羟有效,且血、脑中浓度均可测定,为研究转运蛋白对抗,神分裂药物进入血脑屏障的影响提供了依据。     

Performance evaluation of automated depolarization analysis for detecting clinically unsuspected malaria in endemic countries

This prospective study evaluated the efficiency of automated depolarization analysis for recognition of unsuspected malaria by haemozoin detection during routine full blood count (FBC) screening of 676 randomly selected out-patients in a malaria hypoendemic area of Senegal. An additional 123 patients with clinically suspected malaria were studied for comparison. Of the 799 samples, 648 (81.1%) were categorized as malaria-negative, 83 (10.4%) as malaria-positive, and 68 as treated (early convalescence) or subclinical malaria (indirect evidence of infection). At a discrimination level of one or more atypical pigment-containing monocytes (PCM), negative and positive agreement was found to be 95.6% and 91.6% respectively for all malaria-negative and parasite-positive samples combined. Increasing the discriminator to two or more PCM events improved the overall agreement to 97.5%. Multivariate analysis showed that the only significant risk factor for the presence of PCM (odds ratio>200) was malaria infection. In the randomly selected group of 676 patients, 41 unsuspected cases of malaria infection were detected using the panel of reference diagnostic tests, and 37 (90.2%) of these had atypical PCM. The detection of clinically unrecognized malaria infection as part of a routine FBC procedure is a potentially useful extended application for laboratories in countries with endemic malaria.     

Experimental optimization of the detection limit of one-step solid-phase radioimmunoassay

The minimal detection limit and the conditions of maximal sensitivity of a one-step solid-phase inhibition radioimmunoassay for human immunoglobulin A have been determined by application of statistical methods of experimental optimization. The choice of the optimal combination of qualitative variables, such as the origin of the antibody and the nature of the solid phase, was made by the study of a covariable under non-optimal conditions of the quantitative variables, such as the amount of antibody. The covariable was the avidity of the antibody, which is expected to have a large influence on the sensitivity. Only the difference in avidity between two immunosorbents with cellulose or Sepharose as solid-phase material proved to be statistically significant, and further study was done with cellulose. The experimental optimization of the sensitivity as a function of five quantitative variables yielded a reduction of the detection limit by a factor 5.6 (from 23.5 to 4.2 ng IgA). The variables determining the amount of insolubilized antibody in the assay had the largest influence on the value of the detection limit. The conditions of optimal sensitivity did agree with the predictions by a physical model of radioimmunoassay. The results are discussed in relation to the assay parameters such as the amount and the avidity of the insolubilized antibody and the initial percentage of binding, and in relation with theoretical optimization of the sensitivity.