闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期的记忆研究

目的探讨闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期的记忆障碍特点。方法用临床记忆量表对 2 0例闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期及 2 0例正常人进行记忆测验。结果闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期 5项分测验及记忆商均明显低于正常人对照组 ,MQ≤ 79的比例较正常人明显增高。结论闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期有非常严重的记忆障碍 ,其回忆比再认受损更严重     

Cytoplasmic male sterility is associated with large deletions in the mitochondrial DNA of two Nicotiana sylvestris protoclones

Summary Two cytoplasmic male-sterile plants (CMSI and CMSII) were obtained by protoplast culture in Nicotiana sylvestris. Both plants showed large deletions (up to 50 kb) in their mitochondrial DNA. Restriction maps of the reorganized regions suggested that the deletions occurred via two homologous recombination events (rec. 1 and rec. 2) in the parental mitochondrial genome. With the exception of nad5, no mitochondrial DNA polymorphism could be detected between parental and CMS lines using different heterologous genes probes. A sequence homologous to the Oenothera nad5 mitochondrial gene was located close to the CMSI-specific rec. 2 region. Moreover, a cDNA probe corresponding to total mitochondrial RNA from the parent line was found to hybridize to mitochondrial DNA fragments involved in the rec. 1 event common to both CMS lines, suggesting that rec. 1 lies in a transcribed region. Cytoplasmic male sterility in the Nicotiana sylvestris CMS mutants could be due either to gene deletion or to a regulatory effect of such a deletion on mitochondrial gene expression, rather than to the presence of specific polypeptides as has been shown in the T cytoplasm of maize, or in CMS Petunia.     

Comparing Post-Acute Populations and Care in Veterans Affairs and Community Nursing Homes

ObjectiveThe quality of care provided by the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is increasingly being compared to community providers. The objective of this study was to compare the VA Community Living Centers (CLCs) to nursing homes in the community (NHs) in terms of characteristics of their post-acute populations and performance on 3 claims-based (“short-stay”) quality measures.DesignObservational, cross-sectional.Setting and ParticipantsCLC and NH residents admitted from hospitals during July 2015–June 2016.MethodsCLC residents were compared with 3 NH populations: males, Veterans, and all NH residents. CLC and NH performance was compared on risk-adjusted claims-based measures: unplanned rehospitalizations and emergency department visits within 30 days of CLC or NH admission and successful discharge to the community within 100 days of NH admission.ResultsVeterans admitted from hospitals to CLCs (n = 23,839 Veterans/135 CLCs) were less physically impaired, less likely to have anxiety, congestive heart failure, hypertension, and dementia than Veterans (n = 241,177/14,818 NHs), males (n = 661,872/15,280 NHs), and all residents (n = 1,674,578/15,395 NHs) admitted to NHs from hospitals. Emergency department and successful discharge risk-adjusted rates of CLCs were statistically significantly better than those of NHs [mean (standard deviation): 8.3% (4.6%) and 67.7% (11.5%) in CLCs vs 11.9% (5.3%) and 57.0% (10.5%) in NHs, respectively]. CLCs had slightly worse rehospitalization rates [22.5% (6.2%) in CLCs vs 21.1% (5.9%) in NHs], but lower combined emergency department and rehospitalization rates [30.8% (0.8%) in CLCs vs 33.0% (0.7%) in NHs].Conclusions and ImplicationsCLCs and NHs serve different post-acute care populations. Using the same risk-adjusted NH quality metrics, CLCs provided better post-acute care than community NHs.     

利用农民经合组织进行合作医疗个人筹资可行性研究

从经济可行性、农民心理可接受性、农民参与管理与监督的可实现性3个方面,就利用农民经合组织进行合作医疗个人筹资的可行性进行了分析,认为农民经济合作组织可以成为合作医疗的宣传者、资金的筹集者和农民利益的代言人,并提出了利用农民经合组织进行农民个人筹资的设想和可能存在的问题.     

山西省新型农村合作医疗试点县住院补偿比测算方法研究

目的：制定山西省新型农村合作医疗试点县住院补偿比。方法：收集两周患病率、就诊率及住院费用资料．用“均补”、“递增”及“递减”3种补偿方法研究补偿比。结果：通过分析研究，制定出了符合试点县实际的、切实可行的住院补偿比。结论：合作医疗机构应进一步做好农民的消费现状调查．及时调整补偿比例，最大限度地提高对农民的补偿程度。     

新型农村合作医疗对农民医疗服务需要与利用影响的追踪调查

目的：通过基线调查与两次追踪调查的比较，评价新型农村合作医疗制度（简称新农合）的实施对农民医疗服务需要和利用的影响．为完善新农合实施方案提供科学依据。方法：进行人户调查，采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法抽取婺源县3个乡镇9个行政村．每村调查70户，对农村居民家庭健康状况．医疗服务需要和利用及其影响因素进行调查，并与前两年调查结果进行纵向对比研究。结果：与前两次调查相比．因病致贫比例由们．62％降至21．05％，呈下降趋势；两周患病率、两周就诊率均有所下降．两周患者未就诊率为25．93％，低于2003年但高于2004年；因经济困难未就诊的比例为38．78％，3年未见明显变化；年住院率为45．77‰，略呈上升趋势；需住院未住院率由38．56％降为11．02％，因经济困难未住院的比例由78．00％降至57．14％，均呈下降趋势。2005年门诊患者选择在村卫生室就诊的人数最多，占82．59％，住院服务利用主要集中在县级医院，占58．82％。2005年住院患者中提前出院的比例为15．93％。其主要原因是因为缴不起住院费，占61．11％。结论：婺源县在实施新农合制度两年后，缓解了农民因病致贫状况。实施方案对农民门诊服务的影响不大，但对住院服务利用产生了一定影响，改善了贫困农民无法利用住院服务的现状，起到了引导病人就医流向的作用。但造成农民未就诊与未住院的主要原因仍然是经济困难，仍有一部分农民因为经济原因无法充分利用住院服务。需进一步完善新农合实施方案、增加筹资力度，加强基层医疗机构服务能力建设及建全农村医疗救助制度。     

The role of accountable care organizations in delivering value

The goal of Accountable Care Organizations is to improve patient outcomes while maximizing the value of the services provided. This will be achieved through the use of performance and quality measures that facilitate efficient, cost-effective, evidence-based care. By creating a network connecting primary care physicians, specialists, rehabilitation facilities and hospitals, patient care should be maximized while at the same time delivering appropriate value for those services provided. The Medicare Shared Savings Program will financially reward ACOs that meet performance standards while at the same time lowering costs. The orthopaedic surgeon can only benefit by understanding how to participate in and negotiate the complexities of these organizations.     

Pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous cannabidiol and its antidepressant-like effects in chronic mild stress mouse model

Cannabidiol (CBD) exhibits significant efficacy in mental and inflammatory diseases. Several studies have recently reported on the rapid antidepressant-like effects of CBD, suggesting that CBD is a potential anti-depressant or anti-stress drug. However, CBD is mainly administered orally or by inhalation with poor bioavailability, resulting in high costs. We aim to explore the efficacy of long-term periodic administration of CBD in chronic mild stress (CMS) via two routes and its pharmacokinetics. We treated ICR mice with CBD administered orally and intravenously and then determined the kinetic constants. A single bolus intravenous injection of CBD resulted in a half-life of 3.9 h, mean residence time of 3.3 h, and oral bioavailability of about 8.6%. The antidepressant-like effects of periodically administered CBD on the chronic mild stress mouse model are evaluated. Results demonstrated that such treatment at a high dose of 100 mg/kg CBD (p.o.) or a low dose of 10 mg/kg CBD (i.v.), elicited significant antidepressant-like behavioral effects in forced swim test, following increased mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptophysin in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Our findings are expected to provide a reference for the development of intravenous antidepressant formulations of CBD.     

Issues with implementing a high‐quality lung cancer screening program

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE After a comprehensive review of the evidence, the United States Preventive Services Task Force recently endorsed screening with low‐dose computed tomography as an early detection approach that has the potential to significantly reduce deaths due to lung cancer. Prudent implementation of lung cancer screening as a high‐quality preventive health service is a complex challenge. The clinical evaluation and management of high‐risk cohorts in the absence of symptoms mandates an approach that differs significantly from that of symptom‐detected lung cancer. As with other cancer screenings, it is essential to provide to informed at‐risk individuals a safe, high‐quality, cost‐effective, and accessible service. In this review, the components of a successful screening program are discussed as we begin to disseminate lung cancer screening as a national resource to improve outcomes with this lethal cancer. This information about lung cancer screening will assist clinicians with communications about the potential benefits and harms of this service for high‐risk individuals considering participation in the screening process. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:351–363. © 2014 American Cancer Society.