BN3C对缺血性心肌损伤的保护作用

观察ＢＮ３Ｃ对缺血性心肌损伤的影响。方法：大鼠皮下注射大剂量异丙肾上腺素造成缺血性,心肌损伤模型;结果：ＢＮ３Ｃ可明显降低血中ＣＰＫ,ＦＦＡ及心肌组织中的ＭＤＡ,升高ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性,并使ＥＣＧ抬高的Ｊ点下降;结论ＢＮ３Ｃ对ＩＳＯ诱发的大鼠缺血性心有肌损伤有明显的保护作用。     

BN52021 protects rat cardiomyocyte from doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity

The aim of this study was to assess the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist BN52021 in doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity and to explore the mechanisms. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were employed to investigate the effect of BN52021 on doxorubicin induced cell viability and cell apoptosis. Signaling pathway of caspase 3, cytochrome c, calcium and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) was determined during the doxorubicin induced apoptosis. Our results showed BN52021 pretreatment could protected cell death induced by doxorubicin in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Decrease concentration of [Ca²⁺] and expression of phosphorylated P38 MAPK were accounted for the protection effect. Inhibition of signaling pathway of calcium and p38 MAPK showed similar effect exerted by BN52021 in doxorubicin induced cell apoptosis. Our results demonstrated BN52021 protected against doxorubicin induced cell death in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by calcium and p38 MAPK signaling in vitro. These finding may give insight on the treatment of doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy.     

Rates of Help-Seeking in US Adults With Lifetime DSM-5 Eating Disorders: Prevalence Across Diagnoses and Differences by Sex and Ethnicity/Race

ObjectiveTo investigate, in a nationally representative sample of US adults, the prevalence of help-seeking in individuals with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) eating disorders (EDs) and to examine sex and ethnic/racial differences.Patients and MethodsThe 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (N=36,309) included respondents who met the criteria for specific lifetime DSM-5 EDs and answered questions regarding help-seeking for their ED symptoms (anorexia nervosa [AN]: n=275; bulimia nervosa [BN]: n=91; and binge-eating disorder [BED]: n=256).ResultsThe prevalence (standard error) estimates of ever seeking any help for AN, BN, and BED were 34.5% (2.80%), 62.6% (5.36%), and 49.0% (3.74%), respectively. Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, men and ethnic/racial minorities (non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics) were statistically significantly less likely to ever seek help for BED than were women or non-Hispanic whites, respectively. Hispanics also were significantly less likely to seek help for AN relative to non-Hispanic whites.ConclusionThis was the first study in a nationally representative sample of US adults to examine rates of help-seeking, including by sex and ethnic/racial differences, across DSM-5–defined EDs. These findings emphasize the need to develop strategies to encourage help-seeking among individuals with EDs, particularly among men and ethnic/racial minorities.     

Immunosuppressive Effect of Cyclosporin A in Two Lymphocyte Transfer Models in Rats: Comparison of in Vivo and in Vitro Treatment

The immunosuppressive effect of CS-A was first studied in the assay for local GvHR. 3 x 10⁶ viable spleen cells from LEW rats were injected into one foot pad of LEW x BN hybrids and both PLN were weighed 7 days later. Treatment of the recipients with 3 doses of 50 mg/kg/day of CS-A suppressed this local GvHR. The effect was more pronounced when treatment started at the time of cell transfer rather than a few days before peak response. In-vitro incubation of the cellular inoculum with CS-A also prevented local GvHR. Histology of the PLN confirmed the quantitative results expressed by the PLN index. CS-A was further investigated in the EAE model in LEW rats. It protected rats sensitised with spinal cord emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant for as long as they were treated with CS-A. Treatment delayed until after the appearance of EAE also markedly improved their condition. Oral treatment of recipients with 50 mg/kg/day CS-A prevented the development of adoptive EAE following the transfer of lymphoid cells conditioned in vitro. The presence of 0.1-1.0 μg CS-A in the medium of the sensitised lymphoid cells also inhibited the adoptive transfer of EAE. Finally, if the cells for the adoptive transfer were derived from CS-A-treated sensitised donors, they failed to induce EAE. Histological examination supported the symptomatic findings     

Different “types” of cigarette smokers received similar effects from smoking

In experiments with 22 women and with 26 men subjects, contrasted groups of so-called high-arousal situation smokers and low-arousal situation smokers did not differ in the increases in pulse rate and in letter cancellation speed shown after smoking the first cigarette of the day in a prescribed manner. Some implications are discussed.     

Potential allergenicity research of Cry1C protein from genetically modified rice

With the development of genetically modified crops, there has been a growing interest in available approaches to assess the potential allergenicity of novel gene products. We were not sure whether Cry1C could induce allergy. We examined the protein with three other proteins to determine the potential allergenicity of Cry1C protein from genetically modified rice. Female Brown Norway (BN) rats received 0.1 mg peanut agglutinin (PNA), 1 mg potato acid phosphatase (PAP), 1 mg ovalbumin (OVA) or 5 mg purified Cry1C protein dissolved in 1 mL water by daily gavage for 42 days to test potential allergenicity. Ten days after the last gavage, rats were orally challenged with antigens, and physiologic and immunologic responses were studied. In contrast to sensitization with PNA, PAP and OVA Cry1C protein did not induce antigen-specific IgG2a in BN rats. Cytokine expression, serum IgE and histamine levels and the number of eosinophils and mast cells in the blood of Cry1C group rats were comparable to the control group rats, which were treated with water alone. As Cry1C did not show any allergenicity, we make the following conclusion that the protein could be safety used in rice or other plants.     

Protective effect of bixin on cisplatin-induced genotoxicity in PC12 cells

Bixin is the main carotenoid found in annatto seeds (Bixa orellana L.) and is responsible for their reddish-orange color. The antioxidant properties of this compound are associated with its ability to scavenge free radicals, which may reduce damage and protect tissues against toxicity caused by anticancer drugs such as cisplatin. In this study, the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of bixin on cisplatin-induced toxicity in PC12 cells was assessed. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and protective effect of bixin were evaluated using the micronucleus test and comet assay. PC12 cells were treated with bixin (0.05, 0.08, and 0.10μg/mL), cisplatin (0.1μg/mL) or a combination of both bixin and cisplatin. Bixin was neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic compared to the controls. In the combined treatment bixin significantly reduced the percentage of DNA in tail and the frequency of micronuclei induced by cisplatin. This result suggests that bixin can function as a protective agent, reducing cisplatin-induced DNA damage in PC12 cells, and it is possible that this protection could also extend to neuronal cells. Further studies are being conducted to better understand the mechanisms involved in the activity of this protective agent prior to using it therapeutically.     

Low serum BDNF and food intake regulation: A possible new explanation of the pathophysiology of eating disorders

Background

Several lines of evidence suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in weight regulation and eating behavior, and poorly balanced diets lead to a decrease in blood BDNF levels. However, studies regarding BDNF blood levels in eating disorders (ED) have yielded inconsistent results. We measured serum concentrations of BDNF and assessed behavior and cognition related to eating in ED patients and control subjects.

Methods

Forty female drug-free patients [19 with anorexia nervosa (AN), 21 with bulimia nervosa (BN)], who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder, and 24 age-matched normal control subjects were enrolled in the current study. We evaluated eating-related psychopathology and depressive symptoms using the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and measured serum BDNF levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Compared to normal controls, serum levels of BDNF were significantly reduced in AN, but not in BN. There was a significant positive correlation between serum BDNF levels and BMI in both AN patients (r = .649, p = .003) and BN patients (r = .626, p = .002). However, no correlation between serum BDNF levels and BMI was detected in the controls. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between serum BDNF levels and the oral control subscale scores of EAT in both AN patients (r = − .506, p = .027) and BN patients (r = − .511, p = .018); whereas, no correlation was detected in normal controls.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that individuals showing more extreme food intake regulation were those with lower serum BDNF levels. This finding is contrary to that in mice where mice with reduced BDNF levels showed aberrant eating behavior. This result suggests that BDNF is no longer functioning appropriately in ED patients, which could be an important factor in the pathophysiological of ED.     

Spirometric criteria for airway obstruction: Use percentage of FEV1/FVC ratio below the fifth percentile, not < 70%

BACKGROUND: Current authoritative spirometry guidelines use conflicting percentage of FEV1/FVC ratios (FEV1/FVC%) to define airway obstruction. The American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Task Force characterizes obstruction as a FEV1/FVC% below the statistically defined fifth percentile of normal. However, many recent publications continue to use the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) primary criterion that defines obstruction as a FEV1/FVC% < 70%. Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III) should identify and quantify differences, help resolve this conflict, and reduce inappropriate medical and public health decisions resulting from misidentification. METHODS: Using these two guidelines, individual values of FEV1/FVC% were compared by decades in 5,906 healthy never-smoking adults and 3,497 current-smokers of black (African American), Hispanic (Latin), or white ethnicities aged 20.0 to 79.9 years. RESULTS: In the never-smoking population, the lower limits of normal used in other reference equations fit reasonably well the NHANES-III statistically defined fifth percentile guidelines. But nearly one half of young adults with FEV1/FVC% below the NHANES-III fifth percentile of normal were misidentified as normal because their FEV1/FVC% was > 70% (abnormals misidentified as normal). Approximately one fifth of older adults with observed FEV1/FVC% above the NHANES-III fifth percentile had FEV1/FVC% ratios < 70% (normals misidentified as abnormal). CONCLUSIONS: The GOLD guidelines misidentify nearly one half of abnormal younger adults as normal and misidentify approximately one fifth of normal older adults as abnormal.