在校大学生恋爱吸引因素的调查与分析

目的 为了解在校大学生恋爱相互吸引因素的整体情况并抽出其中的主要影响因素进行分析.方法 采用自制的利克特6段调查量表,对武汉地区4所高校的大学生进行问卷调查,并通过SPSS\PC12.0对结果进行因素分析.结果 抽取出的5大因子并通过了信度检验;在多元方差效度分析中,性别变量差异较显著.结论 当前在校大学生恋爱相互吸引的主要影响因素有个人能力、人格特征、家庭情况、相互感受和价值取向.     

Circum-menopausal changes in women's preferences for sexually dimorphic shape cues in peer-aged faces

Recent studies suggest that post-menopausal women demonstrate stronger preferences for feminine characteristics in male and female faces than do pre-menopausal women, potentially reflecting stronger preferences for healthy men and greater derogation of attractive women among more fertile women. A limitation of this work was that it assessed circum-menopausal women's face preferences using images of young adults only. Here, we found that post-menopausal women demonstrated stronger preferences for feminine characteristics in male and female peer-aged faces that did pre-menopausal women. These data present novel evidence for circum-menopausal variation in face perception and confirm that the circum-menopausal variation in face preferences observed previously was not an artefact of the young faces employed as stimuli.     

Differential attraction of Aedes albopictus in the field to flowers, fruits and honeydew

Sugar is the main source of energy for the activities of mosquitoes; however, information on the vital sugar feeding of Aedes albopictus in the field is scanty and often anecdotal. Using glue traps and baits, we evaluated the attraction of Ae. albopictus to 28 different, potential sugar sources. Control traps were baited with either sugar–water solution or water alone, and since there was no significant difference between these controls, the water control was used as the standard for comparison. The total catch amounted to 1347 females and 1127 males. An attraction index (mean number of mosquitoes attracted to the baits/mean number of mosquitoes attracted to the control) was used to compare the relative attraction of the baits. The attraction index of significantly attractive baits ranged from 2.5 to 50.0 and the index of others ranged from 0.50 to 2.75. None of the baits were repellent. Significantly high attraction was observed for four of six ornamental flowers (Tamarix chinensis, Vitex agnus-castus, Polygonum baldchuanicum, Buddleja davidii), four of eleven wild flowers (Prosopis farcta, Ziziphus spina-christi, Polygonum equisetiforme, Ceratonia siliqua), the only tested seed pod when damaged and fermenting (C. siliqua), and all five of the tested fruits: Opuntia ficus indica (sabra), Ficus carica (fig), Punica granatum (pomegranate, damaged), Eriobotyra japonica (loquat), and Rubus sanctus (raspberry). Unlike damaged, fermenting carob seed pods and pomegranates, the fresh fruits were not attractive. Attraction to foliage soiled with honeydew excretion of three different aphid species was also not significant. The potential to use attractive sugar sources for mosquito control is discussed.     

LPS的直接诱导对肺微血管内皮细胞IL-8的表达及对PMN趋化作用影响的研究

目的探讨LPS的直接诱导作用对肺微血管内皮细胞(PMVEC)IL -8表达的影响及诱导发生的PMVEC对多形核中性粒细胞 (PMN)趋化作用的影响。方法100ng/mlLPS刺激PMVEC0、1、2、4、6、8h或1、10、100ng/mlLPS刺激6h,ELISA和原位杂交试验分别检测培养液上清中分泌的IL -8及PMVEC内IL-8mRNA的表达 ,同时琼脂糖平板法检测对PMN的趋化作用 ,并通过抗IL -8的抗体抑制试验观察对趋化作用的影响。结果LPS能显著促进PMVEC表达IL -8 ,包括促进IL-8mRNA的表达及IL -8的分泌。在时间上mRNA的表达先于IL -8分泌。LPS能促进PMVEC对PMN的趋化 ,随刺激作用的持续 ,诱导的PMVEC对PMN的趋化作用加强。抗IL -8抗体能显著抑制对PMN的趋化作用(P<0.01)。结论表明细菌致病因子LPS的直接诱导确能促进PMVEC高效表达和分泌IL -8 ,从而为PMN的迁移提供必需的物质条件,发挥对PMN的趋化作用而参与导致肺损伤。     

吸引和留住农村卫生人力的国际经验及启示

农村地区缺少卫生人力资源是各国普遍面临的问题。本文在文献复习的基础上,利用已有研究证据,介绍和分析了教育类、强制性、经济激励性以及管理和支持性四大类干预措施的内容和效果。文章提出:(1)各国在选择干预措施时,应认真设计,选择适当的干预组合;(2)应该加强干预措施的监督和评估,从吸引、招募、留用以及卫生人力和卫生系统绩效四个维度对干预措施的效果进行系统的评估;(3)应该重视干预措施实施的背景和环境。在此基础上,本文讨论了国际经验对中国的启示,在目前条件下,经济激励性干预措施和教育类干预措施应该成为首要的政策选择,但最终要依靠缩小城乡差异来解决农村地区卫生人力短缺的问题。     

ICU气管切开术后两种声门下滞留物吸引方法的效果比较

目的：探讨ICU气管切开术后患者应用不同声门下滞留物吸引方法的效果。方法随机选择2011年5月至2014年1月在我院行气管切开术的ICU患者86例,按随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组各43例,采用持续声门吸引联合间断冲洗作为实验组,采用间断吸引和冲洗作为对照组,比较两组患者生命体征、治疗指标、VAP、机械通气的时间与并发症发生情况。结果实验组心率、收缩压、舒张压生命指标及治疗相关痰量、滞留物的吸引量等指标无明显差异（ P＞0.05）;且实验组2周内VAP为4例（9.30％）,比对照组11例（25.58％）（P＜0.05）;实验组VAP发生时间、机械通气的时间与对照组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;同时实验组呛咳、隐血阳性、肉眼见血性液体、黏膜损伤与吸引管堵塞发生率均比对照组少,并且差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论对ICU行气管切开术患者予持续声门吸引联合间断冲洗方案,效果显著,且并发症少,具有一定临床应用和研究价值。     

Female hamster preference for odors is not regulated by circulating gonadal hormones

Proceptive and receptive behaviors of female rodents, such as golden hamsters, are often regulated by changes in circulating levels of ovarian hormones. However, less is known about how ovarian hormones might regulate female hamster's attraction and preference for volatile odor from males. To evaluate this, we assessed female preference by recording investigation and proximity to male and female volatile odorants in a Y-maze across all days of the estrous cycle (Experiments 1 and 2) or following ovariectomy (Experiment 3). In Experiment 1, female subjects were tested four times, once on each day of their estrous cycle. Females showed a preference for male odors on diestrus day 1 and to a lesser degree on proestrus, but showed no preference on the day of behavioral estrus. Irrespective of cycle day, preference was apparent in the first few days of testing and disappeared by the fourth day, suggesting that repeated testing attenuated female preference. To avoid this problem, in Experiment 2 each animal was tested only on one day of the 4-day estrous cycle. Female preference for male volatile odors over those from females was observed on each day of their estrous cycle, including estrus. Moreover, following gonadectomy (Experiment 3) female hamsters still preferred male volatile odors to those of females. Taken together, this suggests that circulating levels of gonadal hormones do not influence preference for male volatile odors in female hamsters.     

Romantic attraction and adolescent smoking trajectories

Research on sexual orientation and substance use has established that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals are more likely to smoke than heterosexuals. This analysis furthers the examination of smoking behaviors across sexual orientation groups by describing how same- and opposite-sex romantic attraction, and changes in romantic attraction, are associated with distinct six-year developmental trajectories of smoking. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health dataset is used to test our hypotheses. Multinomial logistic regressions predicting smoking trajectory membership as a function of romantic attraction were separately estimated for men and women. Romantic attraction effects were found only for women. The change from self-reported heterosexual attraction to lesbian or bisexual attraction was more predictive of higher smoking trajectories than was a consistent lesbian or bisexual attraction, with potentially important differences between the smoking patterns of these two groups.     

Subthreshold amounts of social odorant affect mood, but not behavior, in heterosexual women when tested by a male, but not a female, experimenter

Previously, we have demonstrated that exposure to the endogenous steroid androstadienone has the ability to modulate women's mood in that they feel more focused [Lundstrom, J.N., Goncalves, M., Esteves, F., Olsson, M.J., 2003a. Psychological effects of subthreshold exposure to the putative human pheromone 4,16-androstadien-3-one. Hormones and Behaviour 44 (5), 395–401]. Here, we tested the hypothesis that androstadienone exposure would modulate participating women's mood and corresponding behavior as measured by a sustained attention task. Thirty-seven women participated in a double-blind, within-group experiment and were tested by either a female or a male experimenter. Effects on mood, psychophysiological arousal, sustained attention, and ratings of male facial attractiveness were assessed. Sensory detection of the experimental substance was rigorously controlled for by psychophysical testing. The results showed that exposure to a non-detectable amount of androstadienone modulated women's psychophysiological arousal and mood in a positive direction but did not change attention performance or rating of facial attractiveness. Moreover, mood effects were only evident when an experimenter of the opposite sex conducted the testing. This suggests that social context is important for mood effects of androstadienone exposure in women.     

The use of aggregation signals by Triatoma brasiliensis (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

Triatoma brasiliensis is considered the main vector of Chagas disease in the semiarid zones of North-eastern Brazil. In this work, we describe the spatial pattern of defecation in T. brasiliensis and the spatial relationship of faeces with the shelters of these bugs. Afterwards, we analyse the attraction response of T. brasiliensis larvae to potential odour cues present in their dry faeces, to substances present in their cuticule (footprints) and to the dry faeces of Triatoma pseudomaculata. We show that faecal spots are deposited in a larger density inside the shelter than in the remaining area available for the bugs. T. brasiliensis larvae were significantly attracted towards their own faeces, and also to those of T. pseudomaculata. In contrast to other triatomine species, footprints did not promote attraction in T. brasiliensis. The potential use of communication signals of T. brasiliensis as tools for helping control this species is discussed.