针刀配合膝关节间断主动活动治疗膝关节强直

膝关节强直是膝关节及关节周围创伤、关节炎晚期及手术后的严重并发症,同时伴有髌骨活动度严重减少甚至消失.病理多为髌上囊及两侧沟的广泛粘连,部分患者伴有关节外结构的挛缩.物理治疗几乎无效、开放性手术切开松解及关节镜下松解创伤大,出血多,存在再粘连的可能性,手术并发症多,一次手术失败,没有再次松解的机会.我院自1997年8月-2002年3月,应用针刀闭合松解加关节间断主动活动治疗严重膝关节粘连52例疗效满意.……     

逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁上骨折及关节僵硬

目的：探讨应用逆行交锁强内钉治疗陈旧性股骨碟上骨折钢板断裂不愈合并膝关节僵硬的临床意义。方法：对5例患采用断裂钢板拆除，手术松解粘连，矫正畸形，股骨碟逆行交锁铝内钉固定，术后早期应用CPM机锻炼。结果：5例随访8—12个月，肢体无畸形，骨折愈合时间6—9个月，平均7．5个月，膝关节功能按Kolmert评定标准，优4例，良1例。结论：应用逆行交锁铝内钉治疗股骨碟上陈旧性骨折钢板断裂骨不愈合并膝关节僵硬，操作简便，固定牢靠，可早期功能锻炼，效果良好。     

持续被动活动下自体骨膜移植防治髋关节僵硬

目的在持续被动活动条件下,自体骨膜移植修复髋臼关节面软骨缺损防治先天性髋脱位术后关节僵硬。方法5例7个髋关节,年龄10～14岁。其中先天性髋脱位术后关节僵硬2个,采取髋关节粘连松解;先天性髋脱位5个,行切开复位、改良Chiari骨盆截骨。以上7个髋臼的关节面软骨缺损采用髋臼加深及自体胫骨骨膜移植修复其缺损。术后持续被动活动每天6h,连用6周。结果经1～4年随诊,原来僵硬的2个髋关节屈髋活动分别为90°、30°,先天性髋脱位的5个髋分别为70°、80°、80°、90°、90°,X线片显示髋关节间隙5个清晰,2个狭窄。结论持续被动活动下自体骨膜移植修复髋臼关节面软骨缺损可有效地防治先天性髋脱位术后关节僵硬。     

Application of Isolite system during treatment of dental caries identified in submerged mandibular second primary molar

We used the Isolite system for treatment of dental caries identified in a submerged mandibular right primary second molar. A 5-year-6-month-old girl was referred to our clinic for close examination of an impacted mandibular right second primary molar. An intraoral examination showed a slight pit extending inside the gingiva and on the occlusal surface of the tooth. X-ray photographic examination revealed that the affected tooth was severely submerged and had a radiolucent area on the occlusal surface, which extended close to the pulp cavity. Most of the periodontal ligament space could not be clearly identified except for the distal side of the distal root. We considered that the area of the tooth was partially ankylosed and consulted with oral surgeons, who decided to postpone extraction, due to the presence of the permanent successor close to the affected tooth. Thus, we treated the dental caries, which appeared to be technically difficult because of the deep location of the tooth. The Isolite system was utilized in this case, as we considered that adjacent soft tissue and saliva could be excluded with its use. Under infiltration anesthesia, gingival tissue covering the occlusal surface was removed with an electric knife, and the carious lesion was removed, which resulted in pulp exposure. Severe inflammation of the pulp was revealed and pulpectomy was performed. There were no signs and symptoms after the treatment. At 1 year after treatment, the occlusal surface remained exposed and no inflammatory findings were observed in adjacent gingival tissue.     

Factors Influencing Treatment Plan and Post Operative Compliance in TMJ Ankylosis Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of Long Term Post Surgical Evaluation

Background and objective

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is a clinical entity significant for a maxillofacial surgeon. Since time immemorial humanity is battling with this condition which is not just disfiguring the normal anatomy of the face but severely hampers the function of mastication. In this study we have tried to evaluate and correlate various factors leading to causation of ankylosis of TM Joint along with clinical manifestation and treatment planning as well as outcomes.

Study design

This is a retrospective study, records of 60 patients were selected out of which 28 patients reported for recall. Based on a predefined format, patients were evaluated and correlation was looked up on various accounts such as age of occurrence and age of reporting to the surgeon, probable etiology, sex distribution, treatment modality and postoperative outcome.

Results

The mean age of onset or occurrence was 4–7 years of age whereas age of reporting to the clinic was 16–17 years. Highest percentage of patients had trauma as an etiology (64 %) and the lowest percentage had congenital deformity (21 %). Three surgical techniques were evaluated and compared for their post surgical mouthopening, gap arthroplasty was done in 61 %, interpositional arthroplasty in 39 % and low ramus osteotomy in 21 %.

Conclusion

This study was aimed at analyzing the clinical form and function of the post surgical patient reviewing the recent radiographs to analyze the surgical site. The data collected was (1) Age of occurrence and age of reporting with the deformity (2) Etiological history (3) Sex and Side predisposition (4) Procedure used for correction of deformity (5) Recall (follow up) data especially recurrence and physiotherapy. We arrived at a conclusion that mean age of occurrence of deformity was approximately 4.7 years and age at which patient reported to clinic was 16.2 years. The main etiological factor was trauma (51 %) and ear infection (21 %). 57 % patients presented with unilateral deformity, with both the sides equally effected. The effectiveness of gap arthroplasty, interpositional arthroplasty and low ramus osteotomy procedures was evaluated. Gap arthroplasty and interpositional arthroplasty were found to be effective procedures. The importance of post operative physiotherapy was emphasised yet again through this study.     

The role of the lateral pterygoid muscle in the sagittal fracture of mandibular condyle (SFMC) healing process

The aim of this study was to examine the role of the lateral peterygoid muscle in the reconstruction of the shape of the condyle during healing of a sagittal fracture of the mandibular condyle. Twenty adult sheep were divided into 2 groups: all had a unilateral operation on the right side when the anterior and posterior attachments of the discs were cut, and an oblique vertical osteotomy was made from the lateral pole of the condyle to the medial side of the condylar neck. Ten sheep had the lateral pterygoid muscle cut, and the other 10 sheep did not. Sheep were killed at 4 weeks (n=2 from each group), 12 weeks (n=4), and 24 weeks (n=4) postoperatively. Computed tomograms (CT) were taken before and after operations. We dissected the joints, and recorded with the naked eye the shape, degree of erosion, and amount of calcification of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). In the group in which the lateral peterygoid muscle had not been cut the joints showed overgrowth of new bone and more advanced ankylosis. Our results show that the lateral pterygoid muscle plays an important part in reconstructing the shape of the condyle during the healing of a sagittal fracture of the mandibular condyle, and combined with the dislocated and damaged disc is an important factor in the aetiology of traumatic ankylosis of the TMJ.     

Anatomical details of neurogenic heterotopic ossification anterior to the ankylotic hip

Neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) is a common complication in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although there are many reports regarding the etiology, pathophysiology, and medical management, few studies elaborate the anatomical details of NHO, which leads to ankylosis of the hip joint. A prospective study on surgical resection of NHO in patients with hip ankylosis was conducted. Radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to assess the relationship of the NHO block with the blood vessels, peripheral nerve, and surrounding muscles and bones. The anatomical relationships were also assessed and documented during the surgical procedures. NHO, which is anterior to the hip and causes hip ankylosis, settles into tissue planes without involving the tissue itself and does not disrupt the femoral neurovascular structures. The NHO bone block can then fuse to the cortex of adjacent bone. During resection, the normal bony contour should be exposed as a marker to guide the resection in order to avoid iatrogenic fracture.     

口内下颌骨升支垂直截骨倒置治疗颞下颌关节强直

目的：应用口内下颌骨升支垂直截骨倒置及耳前切口去除骨球关节窝成形术治疗颞下颌关节真性强直,评价其重建颞下颌关节的效果。方法：对5例颞下颌关节骨性强直患者切除病变区骨质,形成关节窝,采用口内下领骨升支垂直截骨倒置升支后部构造新的”髁突”,重建颞下颌关节。手术后常规随访,评价其疗效。结果：全部病例术后随访3～24个月,开口度3．1～4．1cm,平均开口度3．6cm,效果满意。结论：应用口内下颌骨升支垂直截骨倒置及耳前切口去除骨球关节窝成形术治疗颞下颌关节真性强直具有多方面优势,减少了并发症的发生,是治疗颞下颌关节真性强直的有效手术治疗方法。     

自体肋软骨和自体喙突移植在成人单侧颞颌关节强直治疗中的临床效果比较

目的：比较成人单侧颞颌关节强直髁突重建中自体喙突移植和肋软骨移植的临床效果。方法：选取32例自体喙突移植和28例自体肋软骨移植重建髁突的颞下颌关节强直病例,对其术前和术后的饮食分数、最大张口度、侧向运动、开口型偏斜、CT扫描影像学等方面进行评价。结果：两组患者的关节强直治疗均取得满意效果。在饮食分数、张口度、侧向运动、开口型偏斜和复发率等术前及术后的测量值中,两组间差异无统计学意义（P>0．05）,但两组病例中术后张口度、侧向运动及饮食分数均较术前有显著改善。肋软骨移植术中有3例患者出现了胸膜撕裂,6例患者出现了移植骨供区的暂时性疼痛。肋软骨移植及喙突移植术后分别有5例和3例患者的面神经颞支受到了损伤,3－6月内康复。喙突移植组中无关节强直复发,肋软骨移植组中有1例复发。结论：在颞下颌关节强直矫治中,自体喙突移植是一种较好的髁突重建骨移植材料。