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??Objective    To observe the effects of lithium chloride pretreatment on cognitive ability of aged rats after oral and maxillofacial surgery. Methods    A total of 48 aged male SD rats??18 ~ 20 months old??weight 550 ~ 700 g?? were bought from the Experimental Animal Center of China Medical University . These rats were randomly divided into three groups??including the normal control group??group C??n=16????surgery and anesthesia group??group O??n=16????and lithium chloride preconditioning group??group L??n=16??.Rats in each group were randomly divided into two parts??one part was given Morris water maze test three days after the surgery and its characteristics of behavior tested. Another part was decapitated 24 h after the surgery and extracted and the hippocampus brain separated at the same time. Test expression content of IL-1β GSK-3β p-GSK-3β??ser9??in the hippocampus by Elisa and Western blotting detection method respectively. Results    Morris water maze test showed that??the first day after surgery??latencies of group L and O were significantly longer than group C??compared with group C in swimming distance?? latency and swim distances of group L were shorter than group O. With the comparison of multiple analysis of variance??differences were statistically significant??P??0.05??. Groups L and O in the second day were slightly shortened compared to the first day??on the third day after surgery it has also improved over the second day. Space exploration experiments in rats showed that??the dwell time of group C was significantly longer in the platform quadrant and the frequency of crossing the platform also increased compared with groups L and O. In addition??group L and group O were higher in IL-β levels than group C??the difference being statistically significant by analysis of variance??P??0.05????but group L was significantly lower compared with group O??the difference being statistically significant??P??0.05??. The content of GSK-3β of three groups were of no significant difference??P > 0.05????but p-GSK-3β??ser9??content was significantly lower in group L and O than in group C. The content of GSK-3β of group L was higher than in group O??the difference being statistically significant??P??0.05??. Conclusion    Pretreatment with lithium chloride in postoperative aged rats can inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and increase GSK-3β phosphorylation in the hippocampus cells??so p-GSK-3β??ser9??upregulates and inhibites  the apoptosis of brain cells??thereby improved cognitive abilities after the cavity and maxillofacial surgery.     

Recipient hypertonic saline infusion prevents cardiac allograft dysfunction

Objective

Hypertonic saline (HTS) has potent immune and vascular effects. We assessed recipient pretreatment with HTS on allograft function in a porcine model of heart transplantation and hypothesized that HTS infusion would limit endothelial and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction following transplantation.

Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) levels inversely correlate with lung function improvement (delta FEV1) in cystic fibrosis patients receiving ivacaftor treatment

Background

We have recently shown that human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) levels correlate with the severity of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. However, there are no data on how HE4 levels alter in patients receiving CFTR modulating therapy.

Release of corrosion products from amalgam in phosphate containing solutions

Abstract— The effect of phosphate concentration on corrosion was compared for two types of amalgam: a conventional alloy (ANA 68) and a high-Cu admixed alloy (Dispersalloy). The test specimens were stored for 4 months in electrolytes containing 85 mM NaCl and 85 mM NaCl with 2.5, 10, or 100 mM phosphate buffer respectively. The solutions were renewed each month and analyzed for Cu, Zn, Sn, Hg, and Ag in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The surfaces and cross-sections of the specimens were studied in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive detector (EDAX). The corrosion products, mainly Sn-compounds, at the surface of the amalgams were less in the solutions containing high concentrations of phosphate. In cross-section subsurface corrosion of the high-Cu amalgam was observed especially in specimens immersed in the NaCl solution without phosphate. The conventional amalgam showed surface corrosion only. The decrease in release of elements with time from the conventional amalgam in all the experimental solutions might indicate passivation. For the high-Cu amalgam the release of elements increased with time, except for Cu and Sn in the solution with 100 mM phosphate, indicating that phosphate inhibits corrosion of the Cu-Sn-phases. Release of corrosion products from the high-Cu amalgam was more dependent on the presence of phosphate than the conventional amalgam.     

氟哌啶醇季铵盐衍生物的合成及其对冠状动脉的作用

目的 :合成氟哌啶醇季铵盐衍生物并研究其对动物冠状动脉的作用。方法 :以氟哌啶醇为原料 ,将其与卤代烃在回流的情况下进行反应而得到其季铵盐衍生物。采用猪冠状动脉条生物测定法和Langendorff灌流法研究这些衍生物对冠状动脉的作用。结果 :合成了 7个新化合物 ( 1～ 7) ,其中化合物 7量效依赖地压低KCl所致的猪冠状动脉条收缩曲线 ,阻断较大剂量所致的冠状动脉条痉挛 ,并量效依赖地拮抗脑垂体后叶素所致的离体豚鼠心脏冠脉流量减少。结论 :化合物 7显示了良好的扩张冠状动脉的作用 ,值得进一步研究     

Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of a New Sustained-Release Potassium Chloride Tablet

The bioavailability of a new sustained-release potassium chloride (KC1) tablet, designed for once-a-day dosing, was compared to a KC1 elixir using urinary excretion data. The study utilized 25 male volunteers dosed in a crossover design in a dietary/activity-controlled environment. The regimens consisted of a total of 80 mEq of potassium in three equally divided doses of elixir every 6 hr and a single 80-mEq dose using four 20-mEq sustained-release (SR) tablets. The mean time to maximum rate of potassium urinary excretion was 2.2 hr for the first elixir dose and 5.5 hr after the SR tablet (P < 0.01), thereby supporting the prolonged-release properties of this formulation. After correction for baseline urinary potassium excretion, the mean total 24-hr urinary potassium excretion was 42.18 mEq for the elixir and 40.41 mEq for the SR tablet. The results indicate that the absorption pattern from the SR tablet is equal to three doses of KC1 elixir dosed 6 hr apart.     

Gold complex research in medical science. Difficulties with experimental design

Despite the use of gold complexes in modern medicine for over 100 years and the use of gold complexes in the management of rheumatoid disease for more than 60 years, the definitive mechanisms of action for efficacy and for toxicity have not been established. Gold is a group 1b metal in the periodic table with several oxidation states but it is only Au(I) which is active in the biological milieu. Gold sodium thiomalate is not only a polymeric structure, but also has the chiral ligand, thiomalic acid. Gold sodium thiomalate thus can exist in several different physical states which may have different biological activity. In addition the pharmacokinetic profile of gold complexes has been of little value in the understanding of either the mechanism of action, efficacy or toxicity for both the injectable and the oral gold complexes. Many authors have misinterpreted research data on the activities of gold complexes because they compared gold complexes of different structures, and gold complexes which exist at different pH. Experimental work in our laboratory has identified that gold sodium thiomalate is a mixture and can exist as either a yellow or a colourless solution. These have some similar but several different biological activities. Many factors contribute to the lack of understanding of the action of gold complexes. Some of these factors are related to the wide variation in physical structure and biological activities exhibited by these compounds.     

职业接触氯乙烯对生殖功能影响的调查

对全国１２个城市中１３个聚氯乙烯制造工厂中２７３６名接触氯乙烯的工人及３４４２名对照厂工人，进行了生殖功能的流行病学调查研究，结果表明，接触氯乙烯男、女工人的各项生殖结局指标与对照组比较无显著性差异，但女工氯乙烯接触组妊娠合并症的发生率明显高于对照组，表明氯乙烯对女工的妊娠过程有一定影响，因此积极改善劳动条件，不仅对保护工人健康，而且对保护其子代的正常发育成长也有重要意义。