不同年龄,职业及文化程度人群心身健康特点的研究

探讨我国不同年龄、职业及文化程度的心身健康特点。方法根据我国人口学资料分层抽样，采用标准化的中国心身健康量表进行人群心身健康测查。结果（１）以５５～６４，２５～３４及４５～５４岁年龄组，离退休人员、干部及技术人员的心身健康量表分均较高，工人及军人次之，而农民心身健康各量表分最低；（２）初、高中者心身健康各量表分较高，大学次之，小学最低。结论我国不同年龄、职业及文化程度的心身健康状况不同。     

Myocardial sestamibi single-photon emission tomography: Variations in reference values with gender, age and rest versus stress?

Reference data files support the evaluation of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission tomography (SPET). The aim of this study was to create a large reference data base for technetium-99m sestamibi SPET, age and gender matched to the general patient population. One hundred and twenty-eight healthy volunteers (76 males and 52 females) with a likelihood of coronary artery disease of less than 5% underwent rest and maximal exercise^99mTc-sestamibi SPET with a 2-day protocol and 180° elliptical rotation. The normalized activity values of^99mTc-sestamibi in the inferior wall differed significantly between men and women. Age variations were found for men in the anterior wall. Normalized activity values in all four walls were strikingly similar during rest and stress. Our results suggest that the use of reference files in^99mTc-sestamibi SPET requires a gender- and, for males, possibly an age-matched reference population. Different reference files at rest and during stress might not be necessary.     

通过MR扩散张量成像了解与年龄相关的豆状核变化

目的探讨MR扩散张量成像（DTI）观察豆状核年龄相关性变化的价值与意义。方法69名健康志愿者纳入本研究。入组对象按年龄分为3组：≤30岁（I）组，22例；31～50岁（Ⅱ）组，24例；〉50岁（Ⅲ）组，23例。利用DTI分别测量受试者大脑左右两侧壳核、苍白球的表观扩散系数（ADC）值、部分各向异性（FA）值及扩散张量特征值λ1、λ2、λ3。分析不同年龄组间ADC、FA、λ1、λ2、λ3值的差异及与年龄的相关性。结果I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的壳核ADC值分别为：（6．68±0．40）×10^-4、（6．47±0．36）×10^-4、（6．44±0．34）×10^-4mm^2／s，苍白球ADC值分别为：（6．13±0．50）×10^-4、（6．05±0．33）×10^-4、（6．05±0．52）×10$-4mm^2／s。I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的壳核FA值分别为：0．20±0．03、0．23±0．03、0．25±0．03，苍白球FA值分别为：0.35±0．03、0．36±0．03、0．37±0．04。各年龄组内壳核ADC值大于苍白球，而FA值小于苍白球。壳核FA值的组问差异有统计学意义（F=10．082，P=0.000），壳核I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组入，值分别为（5．35±0．45）×10^-4、（5．04±0．46）×10^-4、（4．90±0．44）×10^-4mm^2／s，差异亦有统计学意义（F=5．675，P=0．005）；壳核FA值与年龄呈正相关（r=0．555，P〈0．01），λ3值与年龄呈负相关（r=-0.440，P〈0．01）。结论壳核FA值随年龄的增长而上升，λ3值随年龄的增长而下降。     

椎弓根螺钉内固定及植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎滑脱的临床疗效评价

目的　评价腰椎管减压、后外侧植骨和椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗退行性腰椎滑脱的临床疗效。方法　 1993年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 9月对 74例腰椎退行性滑脱的患者行腰椎管减压、后外侧植骨和椎弓根螺钉内固定 ,采用的椎弓根内固定技术包括Dick 8例、Steffee 10例、RF 9例、Socon 2 5例、Tenor 2 0例、Moss Miami 2例。滑脱水平在L4的患者有 4 4例、L3 有 9例、L5有 16例 ,两节水平的滑脱有 5例。Ⅰ°滑脱 37例 ,Ⅱ°31例 ,Ⅲ°6例。患者平均年龄为 5 3.6岁 (30～ 79岁 )。根据手术前、后日本骨科协会 (TDA)评分评价临床症状改善的程度。结果　平均随访时间为 4 4个月 (12～ 10 4个月 ) ,所有患者最后随访的JOA评分中客观症状为 (6 .7± 1.0 )分 ,临床体征为 (4 .7± 1.1)分 ,日常活动为 (11.8± 1.9)分 ,总评分为 (2 3.0± 2 .5 )分。手术前、后的JOA评分比较 ,术后主观症状改善 70 % ,临床体征改善 6 8% ,日常活动改善 77%。根据患者的年龄分为A组 (30～ 39岁 )、B组 (4 0～ 4 9岁 )、C组 (5 0～ 5 9岁 )、D组 (≥ 6 0岁 ) ,以JOA的评分结果 >2 5分定为满意 ,A、B、C、D组的满意率分别为91%、75 %、6 9%、6 1%。结论　椎板减压、后外侧植骨融合和椎弓根螺钉内固定是治疗不稳定腰椎滑脱的一种有效方法 ,临床疗效     

Evaluation of human antibody responses to diphtheria toxin subunits A and B in various age groups

This study aimed to evaluate human antibody responses to diphtheria toxin subunits in various age groups. Antibodies against the intact diphtheria toxin and the diphtheria toxin subunits A and B were evaluated in 1319 individuals using a double-antigen ELISA. Although high levels of protection (83.6%, 95% CI 79.2-87.4) were found in children and adolescents, the middle-aged adult population was less protected (28.8%, 95% CI 24.3-33.6). An increase in age was associated with a decrease in the frequency of protected individuals in the 0-39-year age group (p <0.001). Anti-subunit B levels correlated well (p <0.01) with levels of antibodies against the intact toxin. In children aged < or =16 years, the intervals at which the peaks in geometric mean titres of anti-subunit B antibodies were observed were found to correlate with the ages at which booster doses are administered. Overall, males appeared to be more protected than females (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.34-2.08, p <0.001). A small group of individuals had antibody levels of > or =0.1 IU/mL against the intact toxin, but did not have protective antibody against subunit B. Determination of anti-subunit B antibody levels should help in evaluating the effectiveness of diphtheria boosters and other aspects of diphtheria immunity.     

Link protein shows species variation in its susceptibility to proteolysis.

Human cartilage link protein exists as three native components, while equine, bovine, and porcine cartilage link protein exist as two and Swarm rat chondrosarcoma link protein exists as only one component. These nonhuman link protein components represent intact protein structures, and there is little evidence for proteolytically modified forms in nonhuman tissues. In human cartilage, the proteolytic production of modified link proteins increases with age, whereas high amounts of such products were not seen in the nonhuman tissues. However, the small amounts of link protein fragments that were observed in the nonhuman cartilages were of a similar size to their human counterparts. On digestion of human proteoglycan aggregate with stromelysin, rapid modification of the link protein components occurred, whereas the aggregates from nonhuman cartilages showed incomplete cleavage of their link protein components. The relative resistance of nonhuman link protein to stromelysin may in part be due to a unique amino acid substitution present near the enzymic cleave site.     

Age estimation in biopsy specimens of dentin

Determination of age at death on the basis of aspartic acid racemization in dentin is one of the most reproducible and accurate methods. In Germany, age estimation by this method has so far generally not been applied to living persons, since the extraction of a tooth exclusively for age estimation when it is not medically indicated is regarded as ethically and legally problematic. The development of a biopsy technique applicable to dentin took place against this background. Testing the technique and analysis of dentinal biopsy specimens revealed that the biopsy technique is a low-risk procedure that causes only minor discomfort to the affected person. It is readily practicable and facilitates standardized specimen removal. The relationship between the extent of aspartic acid racemization in dentinal biopsy specimens and age is very close, facilitating age estimation. A prerequisite for accurate results is the performance of biopsies under strictly standardized conditions. If this is guaranteed, age determination on the basis of aspartic acid racemization in dentinal biopsy specimens appears to be superior in precision to most other methods in living persons and can be used for all age groups.     

潘库溴铵在婴幼儿、儿童和成年人的药代动力学

研究观察年龄对潘库溴铵药代动力学的影响，选择24例施择期整形外科手术的患者，根据年龄分成三组：1组为5例婴幼儿，年龄0．75－2．95岁；2组为13例儿童，年龄4－14岁；3组为6例病人，年龄16－27岁，静注潘库溴铵100ug/kg后用改良蒌光法测定其血浓度，潘库溴铵的体内过程能用二室开放模型完整描述，年龄愈小，分布容积愈大，血浆清除率愈高，潘库溴铵的血药浓度愈低，V1（中央室分布容积），V2（周边室分布容积），Vdss(稳态分布容积），C1（血浆清除率）和AUC（曲线下面积）在三相间有明显差别，1组的T1／2β和MRT明显比2，3组长，但T1／2α和K21在三组间无明显差别。     

Seizure Disorders: The Changes With Age

Summary: Age has a profound influence on our approach to the convulsive disorders. Age is a variable which is an important determinant for risk factors for epilepsy. Age, as a surrogate of brain maturation, is a determinant of the specific characteristics of the seizure disorder in those with epilepsy, and age-related changes in these manifestations can be identified. Age is a determinant for the occurrence of acute symptomatic seizures in several types of metabolic or central nervous system insults. Age is a determinant for prognosis, whether one considers remission, medication withdrawal in those entering remission, relapse following prolonged remission, or mortality. Last, age per se seems to be a risk factor for epilepsy independent of other factors. This seems particularly true for partial seizures.