精氨酸加压素（AVP）的衍生物AVP4—8不能作用于AVPV1a受体而诱发电流反应

在微量注射大量肝脏ｍＲＮＡ之后，通过电压箝方法进行功能鉴定，两栖类卵母细胞成功地表达了ＡＶＰＶ１ａ受体。但在灌流ＡＶ４－８溶液时，却不能诱导卵母细胞产生内向振荡电流反应。提示ＡＶＰ４－８不能通过ＡＶＰＶ１ａ受体而介导生理学效应。     

清热中药对大鼠下丘脑组织中AVP含量的影响

选用典型的清热中药黄芩、银花、连翘组成清热方,从体温调节中枢神经介质方面来探讨清热类中药的解热作用机制。实验表明影响体温调节中枢解热介质AVP代谢,增加其含量,从而抑制体温调定点上移是清热中药作用机理之一。     

中枢和外周脑钠素(BNP)调节醛固酮分泌的不同作用

将BNP和AT-Ⅱ、ACTH AVP单独或BNP与这3种肽分别合并在大鼠icv或iv注入后观察血Ald浓度的变化。实验结果表明:①iv给予AVP(5μg/3ml·h~(-1))、ACTH(5μg/3ml·h~(-1))和AT-Ⅱ(5 v.g/3 ml·h(-1)),1h后均能增加血Ald的浓度。iv给予BNP(5μg/3ml·h(-1))能明显抑制AVP和ACTH的刺激作用,而不影响AT-Ⅱ的刺激作用。②icv给予BNP(2 Vg/10 pl NS)能降低血Aid浓度。icv给予AVP(2μg/10μl NS)能增加血Aid浓度,但ACTH(2μg/10μl NS)和AT-Ⅱ(2μg/10μl NS)无此种作用。但如脑室同时给予BNP(2μg/10μlNS)却可明显刺激Aid分泌。③icv注入BNP对外周注入的3种多肽的刺激作用无任何影响。从上述的实验结果可看出:脑内BNP可“反常”地增加AT-Ⅱ、ACTH和AVP对Ald分泌的刺激作用,与外周抑制AVP,ACTH的刺激作用不同。而脑内BNP不影响这3种多肽的外周刺激作用。结论是脑内BNP以其独特的方式调节Ald的分泌,控制水盐代谢。     

健康人加压素释放和渴感的渗透压阈值

报道１２名受试者在静滴５％ＮａＣｌ２ｈ（每分钟０．０６ｍｌ／ｋｇ）的过程中血钠、血渗、血浆精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）浓度和渴感等级的变化。结果显示，血浆ＡＶＰ浓度及渴感等级分别与血渗呈线性相关，回归方程分别为：血浆ＡＶＰ浓度（ｐＡＶＰ）－０．２４［血浆渗透压（ｐＯｓｍ）－２７４］（ｒ＝０．７２，Ｐ＜０．００１）；渴感等级（Ｔｈ）＝０．２３（ｐＯｓｍ－２７９）（ｒ＝０．６２，Ｐ＜０．００１）．两者灵敏度及阈值均较国外文献报道的结果低，认为加压素释放及渴感的渗透压阈值可能与遗传因素及生活习俗有关，ＡＶＰ分泌及渴感的渗透压调节可能存在种族差异。     

A female with X‐linked Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a family with inherited central diabetes Insipidus: Case report and review of the literature

There are two forms of diabetes insipidus, central (neurohypophyseal), and nephrogenic, caused by pathogenic variants in the AVP gene and the AVPR2 or AQP2 genes, respectively. We report on a four‐generation family, seven individuals had central diabetes insipidus (CDI) and the female index patient seen from age 16 to 26 years had (mild) nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. In her father with CDI, a known pathogenic heterozygous AVP variant c.232_234del p.(Glu78del) was identified, confirming the diagnosis of CDI in him and the other affected family members. In the proband, molecular analysis disclosed a novel heterozygous AVPR2 gene variant, c.962A > T p.(Asn321Ile) and an extremely skewed X‐inactivation, confirming X‐linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (XL‐NDI). Whole exome sequencing showed no further causative mutation. This is the first report on the co‐existence of CDI and NDI in one family. Our review of symptomatic female AVPR2 heterozygotes includes 23 families with at least one affected female (including this study). There were 21 different causative mutations. Mutation types in females did not differ from those in males. Both severe XL‐NDI and mild forms were reported in females. All six females with severe XL‐NDI had complete loss‐of‐function (null) mutations. The remaining 17 female probands had milder XL‐NDI caused by 14 missense variants and three null variants of the AVPR2 gene. X‐inactivation was studied in nine of these females; all showed extreme or slight skewing. The review underlines that XL‐NDI in female AVPR2 heterozygotes is always accompanied by skewed X‐inactivation, emphasizing a need for X‐inactivation studies in these females.     

视网膜节细胞与视交叉上核AVP神经元联系的研究Ⅱ.假狂犬病毒顺行追踪与免疫荧光双重标记

为进一步揭示视网膜节细胞与视交叉上校精氨酸血管加压素神经元间有无直接的联系，本文将假狂犬病毒注入大鼠眼球内通过顺行追踪结合免疫荧光双重标记法观察到：（1）视交叉上核神经元被病毒感染的时间始于病毒注入后56h，并随存活时间的延长而增多；（2）呈绿色荧光的病毒感染神经元见于双侧视交叉上核，注射对侧优于同侧，主要位于视交叉上核的腹外侧部和嘴侧份，个别散在于二者之外;（3）视交叉上核内个别病毒感染的神经元可同时呈精氨酸血管加压素的红色荧光，此类双标神经元系病毒由视网膜节细胞顺行运输并跨突触传给视交叉上核的精氨酸血管加压素神经元所致。表明视网膜节细胞与视交叉上核的精氨酸血管加压素神经元间有直接的突触性联系。这一结果为视交叉上核节律机制和精氨酸血管加压素神经元的机能调控提供了进一步研究的线索。     

Serum vasopressin (AVP) levels in polyuric brain-dead organ donors

Summary Hydromineral metabolism and serum arginine-vasopressin (AVP) levels were investigated in 11 patients who sustained brain death. They showed various degrees of polyuria with low osmolality and low fractional sodium excretion. Urine osmolality was always below that of serum, and AVP levels were between 1.3 and 50.0 pg/ml vs 0.7–8.0 pg/ml in ten normal subjects. Thus central diabetes insipidus was excluded. A renal mechanism inducing water diuresis has to be assumed. The type of renal lesion, however, remains unclear.This work was supported by the Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, project no. 3100, Vienna     

小儿室间隔缺损伴主动脉瓣脱垂超声心动图分析

目的 探讨超声心动图早期诊断室间隔缺损伴主动脉瓣脱垂的价值。方法 采用彩色多普勒超声心动图检查室间隔缺损伴主动脉瓣脱垂17例，并与手术进行对照。结果 17例中14例为干下型，3例为膜周型，脱垂瓣叶均为右冠瓣，经VSD脱入右室。与手术所见一致。结论 超声心动图能早期准确诊断室间隔缺损伴主动脉瓣脱垂，为本病术前诊断的主要手段。