Enlarged high frequency oscillations of the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential and survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

ObjectiveA large N20 and P25 of the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) predicts short survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated whether high frequency oscillations (HFOs) over N20 are enlarged and associated with survival in ALS.MethodsA total of 145 patients with ALS and 57 healthy subjects were studied. We recorded the median nerve SEP and measured the onset-to-peak amplitude of N20 (N20o-p), and peak-to-peak amplitude between N20 and P25 (N20p-P25p). We obtained early and late HFO potentials by filtering SEP between 500 and 1 kHz, and measured the peak-to-peak amplitude. We followed up patients until endpoints (death or tracheostomy) and analyzed the relationship between SEP or HFO amplitudes and survival using a Cox analysis.ResultsPatients showed larger N20o-p, N20p-P25p, and early and late HFO amplitudes than the control values. N20p-P25p was associated with survival periods (p = 0.0004), while early and late HFO amplitudes showed no significant association with survival (p = 0.4307, and p = 0.6858, respectively).ConclusionsThe HFO amplitude in ALS is increased, but does not predict survival.SignificanceThe enlarged HFOs in ALS might be a compensatory phenomenon to the hyperexcitability of the sensory cortex pyramidal neurons.     

喉癌患者PAC-1、CD62P表达与临床病理特征和复发的关系

目的探讨喉癌患者血小板表面血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa纤维蛋白原受体(PAC-1)、血小板P-选择素(CD62P)阳性表达率以及与患者临床病理特征和复发的关系。方法选取2014年1月~2015年12月间在我院耳鼻喉科手术治疗的116例喉癌患者,随访≥2年,并选取同期在我院体检的健康人群60例为对照组,采用流式细胞仪检测法检测外周血PAC-1和CD62P阳性率,并分析与临床病理特征、复发的关系。结果喉癌患者PAC-1和CD62P阳性表达率分别为(17.82±1.76)%和(22.87±3.13)%,明显高于健康人群(P<0.05);而且在喉癌患者PAC-1表达和CD62P表达呈正相关性(r=0.238,P<0.05)。T3-T4分期或N2-N3分期患者PAC-1和CD62P阳性表达率高于T1-T2分期或N0-N1分期患者(P<0.05)。另外远处转移组PAC-1和CD62P阳性表达率高于未发生转移组(P<0.05);随访期间有24例患者复发,复发率为20.69%。复发喉癌患者PAC-1、CD62P阳性表达率分别为(17.02±0.85)%和(21.84±1.17)%,明显高于未复发的喉癌患者(P<0.05)。经Logistics回归分析,PAC-1和CD62P是喉癌患者复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论PAC-1和CD62P阳性表达率与喉癌患者T分期、淋巴结转移和远处转移密切相关,同时可作为喉癌局部复发、区域淋巴结转移、远处转移的预测指标。     

硒蛋白P在直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的应用免疫组织化学染色的方法检测硒蛋白P在直肠癌组织中的表达,以探讨其与直肠癌发生的关系及临床意义。方法收集山西大医院2013年6月至2014年5月间行手术治疗并经病理证实的60例直肠癌组织、40例直肠腺瘤组织、40例正常直肠组织,应用SABC法检测上述组织中硒蛋白P的表达情况,结果依据阳性细胞百分率和染色强度进行评价,三组间样本率的比较采用无序行×列表?2检验(α=0.05),两组间样本率的比较采用独立样本?2检验(α=0.016 7),硒蛋白的表达与直肠癌临床病理参数的关系采用四格表?2检验(α=0.05)进行分析。结果硒蛋白P在正常直肠组织、直肠腺瘤组织、直肠癌组织中的表达阳性率分别为82.5%(33/40)、70.0%(28/40)、45.0%(27/60),组间差异有统计学意义(?2=15.680,P<0.001),癌组织与正常组织、腺瘤组织间差异显著(?2=14.063,P<0.001;?2=6.061,P=0.015);硒蛋白的表达与肿瘤大小、是否浸润浆膜有关(P<0.05),与性别、年龄、淋巴结有无转移、肿瘤细胞分化程度、TNM分期无关(P>0.05)。结论硒蛋白在直肠癌中低表达,对直肠癌的发生发展具有重要作用,有望为直肠癌的治疗提供新思路。     

Metabolism of deltamethrin and cis- and trans-permethrin by human expressed cytochrome P450 and carboxylesterase enzymes

1. The metabolism of the pyrethroids deltamethrin (DLM), cis-permethrin (CPM) and trans-permethrin (TPM) was studied in human expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) and carboxylesterase (CES) enzymes.

2. DLM, CPM and TPM were metabolised by human CYP2B6 and CYP2C19, with the highest apparent intrinsic clearance (CL_int) values for pyrethroid metabolism being observed with CYP2C19. Other CYP enzymes contributing to the metabolism of one or more of the three pyrethroids were CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9*1, CYP2D6*1, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. None of the pyrethroids were metabolised by CYP2A6, CYP2E1, CYP3A7 or CYP4A11.

3. DLM, CPM and TPM were metabolised by both human CES1 and CES2 enzymes.

4. Apparent CL_int values for pyrethroid metabolism by CYP and CES enzymes were scaled to per gram of adult human liver using abundance values for microsomal CYP enzymes and for CES enzymes in liver microsomes and cytosol. TPM had the highest and CPM the lowest apparent CL_int values for total metabolism (CYP and CES enzymes) per gram of adult human liver.

5. Due to their higher abundance, all three pyrethroids were extensively metabolised by CES enzymes in adult human liver, with CYP enzymes only accounting for 2%, 10% and 1% of total metabolism for DLM, CPM and TPM, respectively.