低密度脂蛋白在2型糖尿病骨质疏松中的作用研究进展

2型糖尿病及骨质疏松已成为我国最主要的慢性代谢性疾病。2型糖尿病常伴有血脂紊乱，常表现为低密度脂蛋白升高，而越来越多的研究表明血脂通过不同的方式影响骨代谢，其机制可能是通过抑制骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化，通过RANK/RNAKL/OPG信号通路及炎症反应调节破骨细胞等方式调节骨代谢。     

激素对骨骼系统的不良反应(Ⅱ)

1骨梗死 已知大量应用激素治疗可发生骨髓梗死[1].骨梗死就是骨髓坏死.可单发或多发,单侧或双侧,最常发生在股骨远段和胫骨近段的骨髓内.亦见有肱骨、不规则骨,甚至腰椎骨梗死.     

降钙素对骨性关节炎中软骨作用的研究进展

骨性关节炎的特征表现是关节软骨的进行性退变。实验研究和临床观察证实，完整的关节软骨形态取决于软骨下骨的转化、正常的软骨细胞功能和基本的生物力学刺激㈦。鉴于软骨下骨和关节软骨的关系十分密切，理论上理想的治疗药物应该着眼于生物力学刺激的干预和如何调整骨和软骨的代谢活性。     

实验性骨折愈合中骨吸收活动的超微结构观察

将50只家兔造成实验性桡骨骨折,分批取骨痂标本,用光镜和电子显微镜观察表明,在骨折愈合过程中,破骨细胞是骨吸收的主要执行者,巨噬细胞能吞噬死骨,但不能吸收骨质。     

人外周血CD68^＋单核细胞体外的分选及诱导分化为破骨细胞

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for obtaining highly purified primary human osteoclast precursors for the biochemical and molecular biological research. METHODS: CD68(+) mono/macrophages were separated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy donors by means of immunomagnetic cell sorting for subsequent analysis with flow cytometry. The isolated cells were incubated on coverslips or bone slices in the presence of dexamethasone(10(-8) mol/L), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (25 microg/L ) and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (s-RANKL, 16 microg/L). Calcitonin receptor (CR) immunocytochemistry and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemistry were employed. The bone slices were also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: Fluorescence-activated cytometric analysis showed that 93.06%+/-0.61% n=4 of the selected cells were CD68(+) cells. After 7 days of culture of the CD68(+) cells, VR+, TRAP+ multinucleated giant cells appeared, and resorption lacunae could be observed by SEM. CONCLUSION: Highly purified CD68(+) cells can be obtained from human PBMCs as the osteoclast precursors, and mature osteoclasts can be induced from CD68(+) mono/macrophages by RANKL.     

增龄后成骨细胞和破骨细胞的生物学特性

骨质疏松或增龄性骨丢失与老年人成骨细胞和破骨细胞的功能特点密切相关。尽管高龄人群成骨细胞骨形成作用和破骨细胞骨吸收作用对骨骼的影响都逐渐下降,但表现出不同的特点。(1)骨形成功能持续降低,主要表现为:成骨细胞分裂增生能力降低、基质合成减少、对钙调激素的敏感性降低。这些变化与骨髓中前体细胞的快速减少有关,使高龄人群骨骼中成骨细胞群由于缺乏新生细胞的不断补充而功能退化。(2)骨吸收功能短暂激活,主要表现为:破骨细胞数量一度增加,而其泌酸和蛋白酶功能基本得以保持。(3)成骨细胞调节能力降低,主要表现为成骨细胞中RANKL和OPC表达失偶联。破骨细胞激活的机制和破骨细胞二次活跃产生不同骨平衡的意义值得探讨。作为建议,我们提倡在基础领域重视骨髓微环境中前体细胞分化增殖的研究。