PiCCO容量指标在感染性休克液体复苏中的临床应用

脉搏指示连续心输出量监测(Pi CCO)技术是一项经肺温度热稀释和动脉脉搏轮廓分析联合应用的新技术,近年来逐渐广泛应用于重症患者,尤其是感染性休克患者的血流动力学监测。与传统容量监测指标中心静脉压相比,其容量性指标胸腔内血容积指数、血管外肺水指数能更准确、可靠地反映患者的容量状态,从而实施精细、优化的液体管理,在改善感染性休克患者氧合、缩短机械通气时间、降低病死率方面展现出优势。     

“三位一体”针法联合冷热中药液交替浸泡治疗脑卒中后肩-手综合征Ⅰ期上肢水肿疗效及对上肢静脉血流速度的影响

目的 观察"三位一体"针法联合冷热中药液交替浸泡治疗脑卒中后肩-手综合征Ⅰ期上肢水肿的疗效及对上肢静脉血流速度的影响。方法 将97例脑卒中后肩-手综合征Ⅰ期上肢水肿患者随机分为观察组49例和对照组48例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上给予"三位一体"针法+冷热中药液交替浸泡治疗,2组疗程为4周。比较2组临床疗效,观察2组治疗前后上肢水肿分级、疼痛评分、上肢关节功能、日常生活能力及肩手关节活动度、上肢静脉血流速度的变化情况。结果 观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05);2组治疗后上肢水肿分级和腋静脉、肱静脉、肘正中静脉、桡静脉内径及最大血流速度均较治疗前显著改善(P均0.05),且观察组改善情况显著优于对照组(P均0.05);2组治疗后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、上肢周径均明显低于治疗前(P均0.05),上肢Fugl-Meyer量表评分、改良Barthel指数量表评分均明显高于治疗前(P均0.05),肩关节前屈、后伸、外展、内旋活动度和掌指关节屈曲、近端指间关节屈曲、远端指间关节屈曲、拇指指间关节屈曲角度均明显大于治疗前(P均0.05),且观察组上述指标改善情况均显著优于对照组(P均0.05)。结论 "三位一体"针法联合冷热中药液交替浸泡治疗脑卒中后肩-手综合征Ⅰ期上肢水肿疗效确定,不仅能促进上肢水肿消退,缓解疼痛,提高肩手关节活动度,还能改善上肢功能与日常活动能力,其机制可能与改善上肢静脉血流、促进静脉回流有关。     

海水浸泡爆炸伤延期植皮最佳时机的研究

目的确定海水浸泡爆炸伤延期植皮的最佳时机。方法建立海水浸泡爆炸伤动物模型后，分别于0、3、7、14d切取创面组织作病理切片，镜下观察创面受床的病理改变；同期对创区实施植皮术，通过计算机全自动图像分析系统准确计算出各组的皮片成活率。结果分别于伤后0、3、7、14d，对皮肤缺损区施行植皮术，发现不同时机植皮成活率不同，伤后7d对海水浸泡爆炸伤皮肤缺损区植皮，皮片成活率最高。结论海水浸泡爆炸伤延期7d后植皮是对创面实施植皮术的最佳时机。     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二铵对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用

Objective To investigate effect of reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the treatment of hepatic damage in experimental dogs following open abdominal injuries coupled with seawater immersion. Methods Twenty-four dogs with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (given with simple observation after 1.5 h seawater immersion); the routine treatment group (given routine care and fluid transfusion after 1.5 h seawater immersion) ; the hepatic treatment group (given routine are, fluid transfusion and hepatic treatment as well, after 1.5 h seawater immersion). Each group consisted of 8 dogs. Blood samples were taken at different time points to measure total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothromin time (PT), endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pathological examination was also made at the same time. Results For the control group, contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH increased significantly and survival time was less than 24 hours. Contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH of the routine treatment group also increased significantly, but survival time of all the experimental animals was mere than 24 hours. Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate could reduce the extent of lesion quite significantly 12～24 hours following open abdominal injuries. Conclusions Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate seemed to have good effects on the treatment and prevention against hepatic damage induced by trauma coupled with seawater immersion. It could be used as a primary means for the treatment of such kind of hepatic damage.     

海水浸泡兔脑挫伤后caspase-8及caspase-3表达的研究

目的建立海水浸泡颅脑挫裂伤模型,观察海水浸泡对实验性脑挫裂伤后创伤性脑水肿的影响及研究兔脑挫伤后不同时间caspase-8及caspase-3表达的变化。方法采用立体定向自由落体伤模型进行持续海水浸泡作为实验组,对照组采用同样的方法致伤后不进行海水浸泡。观察创伤组织的病理改变,并通过免疫组化染色和计算机图像分析技术用半定量化的方法检测不同干预不同时程caspase-8和caspase-3的活性表达强弱差异。结果实验组和对照组均发生了创伤性脑水肿,但水肿高峰期出现时间不一致,严重程度也不一致。实验组caspase-8和caspase-3活性表达强度均高于对照组。结论海水浸泡促进了挫裂伤周边缺血水肿区神经细胞凋亡的增加。