In situ adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma of uterine cervix. Pathological and immunohistochemical analysis with cytokeratin 13

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was the pathological and immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin 13 (CK13) in intraepithelial cervical tumors. STUDY DESIGN: We studied 415 in situ squamous carcinomas and 13 in situ mucinous cervical type adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix. All patients underwent laser cervical conization and had a follow-up ranging 12-135 months. RESULTS: 3% of the squamous carcinoma patients recurred during the follow-up period, while the percentage of recurrence of in situ adenocarcinoma patients was 7.6%. We observed positive surgical edges in 46.1% of glandular tumors, and in 5% of squamous tumors. The percentage of recurrence was high among the cases with positive borders independently from their histopathologic type (14.3% in the squamous carcinomas versus 50% in the adenocarcinomas), compared to cases with negative edges (2.3% in the squamous carcinomas versus 0% in the adenocarcinomas). We observed CK13 positive staining in cervical squamous tumors and in mucinous cervical type adenocarcinomas, while there was no positive staining in non-neoplastic cervical glandular elements. CONCLUSION: CK13 positive immunostaining among in situ squamous and in situ mucinous cervical type adenocarcinoma cases adds additional evidence to data supporting a common origin of the two lesions.     

Preoperative evaluation of ampullary neoplasm with EUS and transpapillary intraductal US: a prospective and histopathologically controlled study

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic papillectomy is performed in selected patients with ampullary neoplasm, and, thus, accurate preoperative tumor staging is indispensable for its application. DESIGN: Prospective and histopathologically controlled study. SETTING: Single center. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: EUS and transpapillary intraductal US (IDUS) were performed in 40 patients with ampullary neoplasm before surgery (n = 30) or endoscopic papillectomy (n = 10). Ductal infiltration by a tumor into the bile duct (BD) or the pancreatic duct (PD) was also evaluated. The indication for endoscopic papillectomy was determined by findings obtained by EUS and IDUS. These findings were compared with histologic features of the resected specimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Thirty-three patients had adenocarcinoma (14 pT1, 11 pT2, 8 pT3-4) and 7 had adenoma. Tumor depiction by EUS and IDUS was achieved in 95% and 100% of the patients, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS and IDUS in T staging was 62% and 86% in adenoma and pT1, 45% and 64% in pT2, and 88% and 75% in pT3-4, respectively. The overall accuracy by EUS and IDUS in T staging was 63% and 78%, respectively (P = .14). In 10 patients who underwent endoscopic papillectomy, the accuracy of IDUS in T staging with EUS and IDUS was 80% and 100%, respectively. Ductal infiltration into the BD and the PD was correctly assessed in 88% and 90% by EUS and in both BD and the PD in 90% by IDUS, respectively. Ductal infiltration was correctly diagnosed by EUS and IDUS in all patients who had a papillectomy. CONCLUSION: Although IDUS had a tendency of overestimation in tumor staging for ampullary neoplasm, it can provide useful information for making therapeutic decisions, especially in cases appropriate for endoscopic papillectomy.     

Identification of midbrain floor plate radial glia-like cells as dopaminergic progenitors

The floor plate (FP), a signaling center and a structure rich in radial glia-like cells, has been traditionally thought to be devoid of neurons and neuronal progenitors. However, in the midbrain, the FP contains neurons of the dopaminergic (DA) lineage that require contact with radial glia-like cells for their induction. We, therefore, decided to explore the interaction relationship between radial glia and neurons during DA neurogenesis. Taking advantage of a novel FP radial glia-like cell culture system and retroviruses, DA neurons were lineage traced in vitro. In utero BrdU pulse-chases extensively labeled the midbrain FP and traced DA neurons both in vivo and in FP cultures. Moreover, from E9.5 to E13.5 the midbrain FP contained dividing cells only in the most apical part of the neuroepithelium, in cells identified as radial glia-like cells. We, therefore, hypothesized that midbrain FP radial glia-like cells could be DA progenitors and tested our hypothesis in vivo. Lineage tracing of DA progenitors with EGFP in Tis21-EGFP knock-in mice, and genetic fate mapping in GLAST::CreERT2/ZEG mice identified the neuroepithelium of the midbrain FP, and specifically, GLAST+ radial glia-like cells as DA progenitors. Combined, our experiments support the concept that the midbrain FP differs from other FP regions and demonstrate that FP radial glia-like cells in the midbrain are neurogenic and give rise to midbrain DA neurons.     

Laser treatment of premalignant and malignant squamous cell lesions of the penis.

Thirty men with biopsy-proven premalignant or malignant squamous cell lesions of the penis were treated. All had subclinical aceto-white lesions with histologic evidence for human papilloma virus infection. Nineteen patients had penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN I and II) and 11 had squamous cell carcinoma. Of these 11 patients, 6 had noninvasive penile intraepithelial neoplasia--carcinoma in situ (PIN III/Tis)--and 5 had invasive squamous cell carcinoma (4 stage T2 and 1 T3). All were treated with laser: CO2 was used for low-stage lesions, Nd:YAG was used alone or in combination with CO2 laser for more histologically advanced lesions, and KTP/532 was used in one patient with squamous cell carcinoma (Tis). Follow-up in 23 patients for up to 2 years showed that all but 1 (stage T3) remained free from penile malignancy. Appropriate laser therapy for all but deeply invasive (T3) tumors controls local disease, producing results that are clinically equal and cosmetically and functionally far superior to partial penectomy.     

Focal early stage cancer in ampullary adenoma: surgery or endoscopic papillectomy?

BACKGROUND: Recently, the evidence has been accumulating that endoscopic resection may be curative in treating ampullary adenoma that contains high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia/in situ tumor (HGIN/Tis). However, there are only anecdotal reports of endoscopic management of "focal" T1 ampullary cancer (T1 cancer), and radical surgery is still considered the only accepted treatment modality. OBJECTIVE: To assess the possibility of endoscopic papillectomy as an alternative to radical surgery for the treatment of ampullary adenoma with HGIN/Tis or focal T1 cancer. DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation of case series of our hospital from 1996 to 2006. SETTING: Tertiary-care university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-three patients who had HGIN/Tis or focal T1 cancer in ampullary adenoma resected by endoscopic papillectomy and 60 patients who initially underwent radical surgery for HGIN/Tis or T1 cancer of the ampulla of Vater. "Focal" was defined as a lesion involving only mucosa, with a size less than a fourth the diameter of main adenoma. INTERVENTIONS: Review of medical records and analysis of surgically or endoscopically resected specimens of ampullary tumors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Locoregional extension and follow-up data. RESULTS: Patients with HGIN/Tis of the ampulla of Vater had no lymphovascular invasion or lymph-node metastasis, and there were no occurrences of cancer or deaths during a mean (standard error [+/-SE]) 27.1 +/- 5.9 months after endoscopic papillectomy. T1 cancer was shown to have lymphovascular invasion and/or lymph-node metastasis in 10.7% and duct mucosal involvement in another 17.9%. Among them, patients with focal T1 cancer showed no lymphovascular invasion or lymph-node metastasis and no ductal involvement, and none of the patients who underwent endoscopic papillectomy alone had cancer recurrence or disease-related death for mean (+/-SE) 32.2 +/- 6.7 months. LIMITATIONS: Single-center, retrospective study, small number of patients, and medium-term follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic papillectomy may be a curative treatment for ampullary adenoma with HGIN/Tis and should also be considered as an alternative to surgery in focal T1 cancer in ampullary adenoma.     

乳腺X线和超声检查对T1及Tis期乳腺癌诊断效能的比较

目的 比较乳腺X线和超声检查对T1及Tis期乳腺癌的诊断效能,为探索适合中国北方女性乳腺癌筛查模式提供循证医学信息.方法 收集2011年7月至2013年7月就诊于天津市肿瘤医院具备完整的乳腺X线及超声检查资料T1及Tis期乳腺癌患者1 630例,采用x2检验比较两种影像学方法对乳腺癌的检出率和诊断准确率.结果 1 630例患者共1 665个病变,乳腺X线和超声检查均检出的病变共1 559个.在病变检出率方面,对于脂肪型或少量纤维腺体型乳腺,X线检查对病变检出率明显高于超声检查(P＜0.05);对于多量纤维腺体型乳腺,两者对病变检出率差异无统计学意义;对于致密型乳腺,超声检查对病变检出率则明显高于X线检查(P＜0.05).在病变诊断准确率方面,对于脂肪型及少量纤维腺体型乳腺,本组资料显示超声检查对病变的诊断准确率相同或低于X线;对于多量纤维腺体和致密型乳腺,超声检查对病变的诊断准确率高于X线检查,但各组间比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).另外,基于X线检查将病变类型分为肿块型和非肿块型病变,随着纤维腺体密度升高,非肿块型病变所占比例升高,肿块型病变比例降低.结论 乳腺X线检查对于纤维腺体量较少的T1及Tis期乳腺癌的病变检出率及诊断准确率较高,而超声检查对于纤维腺体量较多的T1及Tis期乳腺癌的病变检出率及诊断准确率较高.基于X线的病变类型进行分组,病变类型与纤维腺体类型之间存在一定的相关性.     

纤维乳腺导管内镜辅助诊治乳头溢液632例报告

目的探讨纤维乳腺导管内镜对Tis期乳腺癌的临床诊断价值。方法 2001年5月～2010年5月,对632例乳头溢液进行乳腺导管内镜检查702次,并对其中310例隆起性病变行乳腺导管内镜辅助定位手术。结果 475例诊断为隆起性病变,包括乳管内乳头状瘤388例（61.4%）,乳管内乳头状瘤病79例（12.5%）,导管内癌8例（1.3%）;157例为非隆起性病变,包括导管扩张症82例（13.0%）,慢性乳管炎73例（11.6%）和导管内癌2例（0.3%）。310例行乳腺导管内镜辅助定位手术,内镜诊断对导管内癌的阳性预测值为83.3%（10/12）。结论 纤维乳腺导管内镜检查弥补了伴有乳头溢液的Tis期乳腺癌诊断的空白,对乳腺癌的早期诊断有积极的意义。