早年父亲去世的心理创伤研究——1例男大学生的深入访谈分析

目的 探讨男孩8岁时父亲去世对其带来的创伤影响。方法 运用质的研究方法，对一名在8岁时经历父亲去世的男大学生进行深入访谈，采用主要概念或主题突出分类的方法进行编码分析。结果 父亲去世使个体产生了强烈的不安全感，严重的自卑感和神经症性的防御机制。结论 父亲去世后，家庭氛围是影响孩子心理健康的重要因素。     

Kawasaki Disease in a Father and Son

The pathogenesis and etiology of Kawasaki disease are unknown, but some studies suggest increased genetic susceptibility. The case is presented of an infant with Kawasaki disease whose father suffered from the same illness 21 years previously. The A, B and C loci of the HLA antigens were examined.     

Involving Fathers in Teaching Youth About Farm Tractor Seatbelt Safety—A Randomized Control Study

PurposeFarm youth continue to experience high rates of injury and deaths as a result of agricultural activities. Farm machinery, especially tractors, is the most common cause of casualties to youth. A Roll-Over Protection Structure (ROPS) along with a fastened seatbelt can prevent almost all injuries and fatalities from tractor overturns. Despite this knowledge, the use of seatbelts by farmers on ROPS tractors remains low. This study treats farm safety as a family issue and builds on the central role of parents as teachers and role models of farm safety for youth.MethodsThis research study used a longitudinal, repeated-measures, randomized-control design in which youth 10–19 years of age were randomly assigned to either of two intervention groups (parent-led group and staff-led group) or the control group.ResultsFathers in the parent-led group were less likely to operate ROPS tractors without a seatbelt compared with other groups. They were more likely to have communicated with youth about the importance of wearing seatbelts on ROPS tractors. Consequently, youth in the parent-led group were less likely to operate a ROPS tractor without a seatbelt than the control group at post-test.ConclusionsThis randomized control trial supports the effectiveness of a home-based, father-led farm safety intervention as a promising strategy for reducing youth as well as father-unsafe behaviors (related to tractor seatbelts) on the farm. This intervention appealed to fathers' strong motivation to practice tractor safety for the sake of their youth. Involving fathers helped change both father as well as youth unsafe tractor-seatbelt behaviors.     

Attachment in infancy and personal space regulation in early adolescence

This study longitudinally assessed associations between secure and ambivalent attachment with mothers, fathers and professional caregivers in infancy, and personal space regulation and perceived interpersonal competence in 64 early adolescents (31 boys, 33 girls). Children classified as ambivalently attached to their mothers and/or professional caregivers in infancy displayed significantly larger permeability of personal space as compared with children classified as securely attached. Attachment classifications with fathers were not associated with personal space behavior at 12 years of age. Children who had an insecure attachment relationship with both the mother and the professional caregiver in infancy displayed smaller personal space boundaries, and tolerated larger intrusions into their personal space as compared with children who had two secure attachments in infancy. Finally, perceived interpersonal competence was positively correlated with personal space permeability.     

父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能简式量表的汉化与信效度检验

目的 对父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能简式量表进行汉化,并检验其信效度。方法 通过Brislin翻译模型汉化量表,经过文化调试,选取34名产妇配偶进行预测试修改部分条目,在210名产妇及其配偶中测试,检验该量表的信效度。 结果 中文版父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能简式量表共有14个条目,探索性因子分析提取出1个公因子,累积方差贡献率为55.038%。验证性因子分析显示,修正后的模型各项指标均达到标准,模型拟合度良好。总量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.935,折半信度为0.930,重测信度为0.881。该量表各条目水平的内容效度指数为0.83~1.00,量表水平的内容效度指数为0.976,各条目间相关系数为0.389~0.643,各条目与量表总分间的相关系数为0.633~0.798,具有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。 结论 中文版父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能简式量表是评估新生儿父亲对母乳喂养信心的有效工具,量表得分可以预测产妇喂养方式,有助于临床护理人员通过干预新生儿父亲态度来改善产妇喂养信心。     

Father/son relationship during the preschool years. An integrative review with special reference to recent Swedish findings

This review is an attempt to integrate Anglo-American and Swedish studies on father/son relationships. The puerperal period, infancy and early childhood are surveyed. Swedish studies do not support specific stereotyped bonding in the puerperal period. The review confirms the bidirectional nature of the father/son relationship. Thus, counteridentification, i.e. the father's identification with his son, and identification during the oedipal phase, i.e. the son's identification with his father, seem to be essential components in the father/son relationship. However, studies on parent-infant behaviour indicate that different parental roles exist early in infancy. Also, attachment studies point to the specificity of the father/son relationship before the oedipal phase. It is concluded that the major importance of the father/son relationship during the preschool years is to facilitate the son's masculine identification.     

Personality traits and subjective well-being among fathers of preterm infants in Taiwan: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT

Objective

This study examined the association of personality traits and paternal/infant background characteristics with subjective well-being (SWB) among fathers of preterm infants.     

阻断乙型肝炎病毒父婴传播的研究

目的探讨阻断乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒父婴垂直传播的有效方法。方法将在北京市海淀区妇幼保健院乙肝母婴阻断门诊就诊的配偶为HBV携带者的孕妇共例61例作为观察对象,22例配偶为乙肝表面抗原和乙肝e抗原双阳性及乙肝病毒脱氧核糖核酸阳性。其中28例孕妇也为乙肝病毒携带者,仅1例孕妇为HBsAg和HBeAg双阳性。对33例本人未检出HBV抗原的孕妇检测乙肝表面抗体定量,对定量较低或阴性的孕妇在孕前或孕期接种国产（基因重组酵母）乙肝疫苗10μg,根据定量接种1—2次。对孕妇也为HBV携带者和孕妇在孕末期前检验血中尚未达到高滴定度保护性抗体乙肝表面抗体者,在孕末期28、32、36w各肌肉注射乙肝免疫球蛋白400IU。观察新生儿生后12h内静脉血乙肝表面抗原和乙肝e抗原及乙肝表面抗体定性,采用酶联免疫法定性测定。结果所有观察新生儿61例生后12h内静脉血乙肝表面抗原和乙肝e抗原均为阴性,以后3、6、12个月复查乙肝表面抗原和乙肝e抗原未发现阳转者。33例母亲未检出HBV的新生儿生后12h内静脉血乙肝保护性抗体乙肝表面抗体均为阳性,28例母亲也为乙肝病毒携带者的新生儿乙肝表面抗体均为阴性。结论对配偶为乙肝病毒携带者的孕妇在孕前或孕期接种乙肝疫苗;对孕妇也为HBV携带者或孕妇在孕末期前检验血中尚未达到高滴定度保护性抗体乙肝表面抗体者,在孕末期肌肉注射较大剂量乙肝免疫球蛋白的措施可基本阻断乙肝病毒父婴垂直传播。     

A Comparison of the Psychosocial Functioning of Children with Drug‐Versus Alcohol‐Dependent Fathers

The present study compared the psychosocial functioning of children whose fathers primarily abused illicit drugs other than alcohol (n = 51) to children from a demographically matched sample of families whose fathers abused alcohol (n = 51). Children with drug‐abusing (DA) fathers exhibited significantly more negative child behaviors on a standardized child‐rating scale than did children from homes with alcohol‐abusing fathers. In addition, a significantly greater proportion of children with DA fathers met clinical cutoffs indicative of psychosocial impairment (n = 23; 45%) than did children whose fathers abused alcohol (n = 5; 10%). Mediation analyses indicated that severity of drug, legal, medical, employment, and family problems partially mediated the relationship between type of family (i.e., families with fathers who had an alcohol problem versus families with fathers who had a drug problem) and children's psychosocial adjustment.