Facteurs de risque précoces et trajectoires développementales du trouble déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité (TDAH)

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with a set of early genetic and environmental risk factors. Genetic risk factors, of which existence is supported by genetically informed (i.e. Twin) and molecular studies, are yet partially identified. They do not constitute diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets for preventive interventions. Early environmental risk factors exist and could represent targets for early interventions. However, their causal nature is not determined yet. In addition, early environmental risk factors are distal factors compared with later risk factors, which makes difficult the understanding of their direct links with the ADHD phenotype. Developmental trajectories of ADHD are interesting to study in order to take into account the dimensional and developmental nature of ADHD. Investigating the link between early risk factors and developmental trajectories could allow a better understanding of their interactions along time. The experiment of preventive interventions of ADHD could lead to disentangle mechanisms and provide new tools to treat ADHD.     

Audit environnemental des logements : intérêt d'identifier la ou les moisissure(s) en cause

This literature review deals with health hazards linked to the presence of indoor moulds. The first section describes the growth conditions of moulds and their metabolites (life cycle, growth conditions) and their presence in the indoor environment. Then their effects on human health are discussed. Finally, we discuss practical issues that concern allergists and pulmonary disease specialists.     

Maladie de Parkinson : une maladie à forte composante environnementale ?

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common cause of the parkinsonian syndromes and the most frequent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. Only a minority of PD cases is due to a single factor, in particular a genetic mutation. In the large majority of cases, it is considered that PD is a complex or multifactorial disease that results from the effect of multiple risk or protective factors, either genetic or environmental, and, possibly, from their interaction. Epidemiological studies, through a variety of approaches, have brought important evidence in favour of the contribution of environmental factors to the etiology of PD. In this review, we will present current evidence by focusing on specific illustrative examples.     

Vers une déconstruction des situations de maltraitances intrafamiliales

This article discusses intrafamily abuse under judicial control, the category of violent and sexual offenses against children. More specifically, it deals with the acting abuse's functional signification in family. Differents levels of analysis are questioned: situations and contexts in which the actions arrive, the author positions the married couple and parental and family functioning mode. These fields are investigate in an economic dynamics and axiological's perspective. The complexity of the situations is illustrated by the presentation of three clinical cases. This article opens lines for understanding the abuse's situations by a dynamic model.     

Organisational environment and challenging behaviour in services for people with intellectual disabilities: A review of the literature

Background

This literature review explores the relationship between the organisational environment of residential disability services and challenging behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities (ID) using Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory as a theoretical framework.

Comment évaluer l’environnement alimentaire à l’aide des systèmes d’information géographique ? Revue méthodologique

In the framework of the ELIANE (Environmental links to physical activity, nutrition and health) research project, a literature review was performed to investigate geographic information systems (GIS) methods used to define the food environment and the types of spatial measurements they generate. Twenty-nine papers were included. The aim of these studies was either to compare food outlet spatial accessibility between different neighbourhoods or to investigate relationships between characteristics of the spatial accessibility measures and individual food behaviour. A first approach was focused on availability of facilities with the aim to quantify the number of food outlets using the buffer method, kernel density estimation or spatial clustering. The second approach was focused on proximity with the aim to assess the distance to food outlets by measuring distances or travel times. GIS methods provide new approaches for assessing the food environment by modelling spatial accessibility to food outlets.