产前分娩预演对初产妇自然分娩成功率及产后并发症的影响

[目的]探讨产前分娩预演对初产妇自然分娩成功率和产后并发症的影响.[方法]收集2016年9月至2018年10月在本院妇产科分娩的初产妇86例,按产前分娩教育方式分为观察组(n=42)和对照组(n=44).对照组孕妇产前接受常规产前健康教育课程培训,观察组在对照组的基础上进行分娩预演实践.比较两组自我效能感量表(GSES)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分及自然分娩成功率和产后并发症发生率等.[结果]与对照组相比,观察组分娩总产程和第一、二、三明显缩短;新生儿窒息率和产后SDS、SAS评分均明显降低;自然分娩成功率、GSES评分均明显提高,其差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组产后出血、感染、尿潴留、乳汁淤积发生率及总并发症发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05).[结论]采用常规产前健康教育培训结合产前分娩预演实践的产前管理方式,可有效提高初产妇自然分娩成功率,缩短产程,减少产后并发症的发生,值得临床推广应用.     

左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼或芬太尼在分娩硬膜外自控镇痛的应用

目的探讨左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）用于分娩镇痛的临床效果及安全性。方法随机选择120例美国标准协会（ASA）I-Ⅱ级初产妇，随机分为舒芬太尼组（A组）、芬太尼组（B组）、无镇痛组（C组），每组40例。A组和B组采用PCEA，C组不给予镇痛药物。观察各组不同时段视觉模拟评分（VAS）和不良反应的发生，同时记录3组产程时间、分娩方式、缩宫使用情况、产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分。结果A、B2组和C组在PCEA20、60min及宫口开全时VAS差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；PCEA5min，A、B2组VAS差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05），2组Bromage评分、不良反应差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。3组产程时间、分娩方式、产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼或芬太尼用于分娩镇痛安全有效，对母婴无明显不良影响。     

爱母分娩工程初探——产程系列服务模式

爱母分娩工程的核心是产时分娩的管理，除医疗技术水平为重要因素外，改善产科系列服务模式，加强孕妇夫妇有关培训与健康教育，加强保健与临床的结合，对爱母分娩工程的作用亦是举足轻重的。广东省妇幼保健院试运行产时分娩管理新模式、产科系列服务新模式，提高了产科质量和社会效益及经济效益。     

足月妊娠羊水过少对围产结局的影响

目的 :分析足月妊娠孕产妇羊水过少对围产结局的影响。方法 :应用 B超羊水最大深度法及羊水指数法估测羊水量 ,并测定脐动脉收缩期最大血流速度 (S)和舒张末期血流速度 (D)的比值 (S/D) ,比较分析 2 4 0例羊水过少 (观察组 )和 2 4 0例羊水正常的足月妊娠妇女 (对照组 ) B超测量羊水量与实际过少的符合率、分娩情况及新生儿预后。结果 :AFI小于 3.5 cm时 ,B超测量羊水量与实际羊水过少符合率为 10 0 % ;AFI为 3.5～ 5 .0 cm时为 80 % ;AFI为 5～ 8cm时为 5 8% ;观察组择期剖宫产和急诊剖宫产率均显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ;阴道分娩的成功率明显低于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ;胎儿宫内窘迫与羊水轻度混浊的发生率明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ;新生儿轻度窒息发生率明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ;重度窒息率两组间差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :加强对羊水过少的产前及产时监护 ,对重度羊水过少者不予试产 ,对试产的孕产妇产程中出现异常及时行急诊剖宫产而不过度试产。对于羊水过少 ,同时又合并其它高危因素者 ,应禁止试产 ,以剖宫产结束妊娠。     

Non-medical factors affecting antenatal preferences for delivery route and actual delivery mode of women in southwestern Iran

Objective: Assessment of the contribution of non-medical factors to mode of delivery and birth preference in Iranian pregnant women in southwestern Iran.

Study design: This cohort study used data from a structured questionnaire completed in early pregnancy and information about the subsequent delivery obtained through personal contact. Women were recruited by random sampling from antenatal clinics when scheduling visits over the course of 5 weeks from December 2012 to February 2013 and were followed-up 1 month after birth. Of the 2199 women recruited, 99.63% were eligible for the study.

Results: Of the 748 women who expressed a desire to deliver their babies by cesarean section (CS) in early pregnancy, 87% had an elective cesarean section. The logistic regression analyses showed that normative beliefs (odds ratio [OR] 1.792, 95% confidence interval (1) 1.073–2.993), control beliefs (OR: 0.272, 95% CI: 0.162–0.459), and evaluation of outcomes (OR: 0.431, 95% CI: 0.268–0.692) favored the preference for cesarean section. The desire for delivery by elective cesarean section was associated with normative beliefs (OR: 1.138; 95% CI: 1.001–1.294), control beliefs (OR: 0.804; 95% CI: 0.698–0.927), and expectations about maternity care (OR: 0.772; 95% CI: 0.683–0.873), medical influences (OR: 1.150; 95% CI: 1.023–1.291), evaluation of outcome (OR: 0.789; 95% CI: 0.696–0.894), age, preference for cesarean section (OR: 5.445; 95% CI: 3.928–7.546), spouse educational level, and number of live births.

Conclusions: A woman’s preference for delivery by cesarean section influenced their subsequent mode of delivery. Asking women in early pregnancy about their preferred mode of delivery provides the opportunity to extend their supports which might reduce the rate of elective cesarean section. This decision is affected by age, spouse educational level, number of live births, and preconceived maternal attitudes about delivery.     

A pilot feasibility study of mindfulness childbirth education for women with a history of sexual trauma

Backgroundand purpose: Pregnant women with a history of sexual trauma are at increased risk for mood disorders. Mindfulness interventions delivered prenatally may reduce risk of mood disorders. The purpose of this pilot was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of Mindfulness-Based Childbirth and Parenting (MBCP) for women with a history of sexual trauma.Materials and methodsA one-group repeated measures design was employed, involving three assessments: baseline, post-intervention and at eight weeks postpartum. Twelve pregnant women were recruited and enrolled. Self-report measures and open-ended written questionnaires were used to assess health outcomes and intervention acceptability.ResultsResults show high satisfaction with the program, an immediate reduction in prenatal anxiety, and longitudinal increase in interoceptive awareness skills.ConclusionThe results suggest the feasibility and acceptability of the MBCP approach for women with a history of sexual trauma.     

Another look at religious objections to obstetric anaesthesia

Starting with the earliest biographies of James Young Simpson, the topic of religious opposition to obstetric anaesthesia in 1847 was gradually embellished in historical articles. Objective data are lacking and it has been suggested that this is a myth of recent medical history. A search for more information led to a contemporaneous case-book of the maternity hospital in Edinburgh, which was examined. The provision of anaesthesia in the 11 months before publication of Simpson’s pamphlet Answer to the Religious Objections was compared with that in the 11 months after. This revealed a marked increase (P<0.01) in the provision of anaesthesia for childbirth after the publication of Simpson’s pamphlet in December 1847. This analysis supports the existence of opposition to obstetric anaesthesia and the success of Simpson’s pamphlet in overcoming it, but the introduction of chloroform about six weeks earlier, may also have contributed.     

Universalización,paridad y evolución de la demanda de anestesia epidural durante el parto en Andalucía

ObjectiveAssess whether the universalization of epidural analgesia supplied in hospitals of the Andalusia Public Health Service (SSPA) has ended up with the inequalities shown in previous studies regarding to their demand: the percentage of women who rejected epidural analgesia was higher among the users having low educational level, lower income and working as housekeeper.MethodThe data are based on satisfaction surveys conducted by the Institute for Advanced Social Studies amongst of SSPA users. This survey includes a section aimed at women attended in labor (N = 21,300). The hierarchical segmentation analysis shows which variables are the ones that discriminate most in the usage of epidural analgesia. Subsequently, through a model of binary logistic regression we analyze which socio-demographic variables are significant (2012) and how its impact is on the choice of epidural analgesia in childbirth.ResultsOverall, the socio-demographic variables of the users are statistically significant in the demand or not of epidural analgesia during labor. However, the detailed analysis of the last year (2012) shows that none of the socio-demographic variables introduced in the model has a significant effect on the decision of using epidural analgesia.ConclusionsThe process of universalization of epidural anesthesia in childbirth has ended with social inequalities in their use, that is, with those differences that are not due to a real choice but are induced by socio-cultural characteristics of women.     

产前综合干预模式对初产妇分娩应对能力及分娩结局的影响研究

目的探讨产前综合干预模式对初产妇分娩应对能力的效果及其可能对分娩结局产生的影响。方法将2012年1月~2014年2月入选的417例初产妇采用随机数字表法分为干预组214例与对照组203例,孕周28周后,给予对照组产妇常规产检与护理,干预组则在对照组基础上根据自我效能感来源的四个途径实施产前综合干预。结果干预后对照组OE-16评分与EE-16评分仅有小幅度增加,而干预组增加显著,干预前、后与对照组比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后干预组CCB评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组产时疼痛程度显著轻于对照组,与对照组比较差异具有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);此外,除新生儿1 min Apgar评分组间比较无明显差异外(P>0.05),干预组总产程时间较对照组短(P<0.05),且剖宫产率也较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论产前综合干预对提高初产妇的分娩自我效能感水平与分娩应对能力有益,是一种降低剖宫产率的重要护理举措,值得在产科临床进一步推广应用。