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N. Cody Schaal Raushan A. Salaam Michael Stevens Alex Stubner 《Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene》2019,16(5):329-335
The purpose of this investigation was to characterize noise levels in spaces designated as “effective quiet” areas on a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier. Noise dosimetry samples were collected in 15 designated spaces, representing 15 noise measurements, while at-sea during airwing carrier qualifications. Equivalent sound level (Leq) measurements were collected during flight operations (Leq (flt ops)), non-flight operations (Leq (non-flt ops)), and over 24-hr periods (Leq (24-hr)). These data were compared to the 70 dBA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®) Threshold Limit Value (TLV®) for “effective quiet” areas intended for temporary threshold shift recovery when personnel live and work in a potentially noise hazardous environment for periods greater than 24?hr. The monitored areas were selected based on personnel occupancy/use during off-duty time periods. Areas were classified by either (1) leisure areas that included mess (eating areas), gyms, lounges, an internet cafe, and the fantail social area or (2) berthing (sleeping) areas. The Leq measurements in decibels “A” weighted (dBA) were compared to determine significant differences between Leq (flt ops), Leq (non-flt ops), and Leq (24-hr) and were compared between leisure area and berthing area. Measured noise levels according to time period ranged as follows: (1) Leq (24-hr): 70.8–105.4 dBA; (2) Leq (flt ops): 70–101.2 dBA; and (3) Leq (non-flt ops): 39.4–104.6 dBA. All area measurements over the 24-hr period and during flight operations and 46.7% of the areas during the non-flight operation time period exceeded the “effective quiet” 70 dBA ACGIH TLV. Mean Leqs were 15 dBA higher during flight operations compared to non-flight operations in “effective quiet” areas (p?=?0.001). The Leqs in leisure areas were significantly higher than berthing areas by approximately 21 dBA during non-flight operation periods (p?=?0.001). Results suggest noise levels in “effective quiet” areas frequented by aircraft carrier personnel during off-duty hours when at-sea may inhibit auditory recovery from occupational noise exposures that occur on-duty. 相似文献
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Cameron Duff 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2020,115(7):1378-1381
In 1998 Howard Parker, Judith Aldridge & Fiona Measham published Illegal Leisure, a ground‐breaking study of profound changes in British youth cultures in the 1990s, and the place of drugs and drug use in these upheavals. This work introduced the ‘normalization thesis’ to the social sciences, offering a novel vocabulary for re‐imagining the normative character of young people's attitudes towards and experiences of illicit drug use. Arriving at the dawn of the new century, the book offered a thoroughgoing re‐thinking of the character of youth cultures at a time of great social, cultural, economic and technological disruption. In so doing, the book deftly anticipated many of the most interesting currents of critical drug studies that followed. 相似文献
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Marta López-Fauqued Laura Campora Frédérique Delannois Mohamed El Idrissi Lidia Oostvogels Ferdinandus J. De Looze Javier Diez-Domingo Thomas C. Heineman Himal Lal Janet E. McElhaney Shelly A. McNeil Wilfred Yeo Fernanda Tavares-Da-Silva 《Vaccine》2019,37(18):2482-2493
Background
The ZOE-50 (NCT01165177) and ZOE-70 (NCT01165229) phase 3 clinical trials showed that the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) was ≥90% efficacious in preventing herpes zoster in adults. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the safety data from these studies.Methods
Adults aged ≥50 (ZOE-50) and ≥70 (ZOE-70) years were randomly vaccinated with RZV or placebo. Safety analyses were performed on the pooled total vaccinated cohort, consisting of participants receiving at least one dose of RZV or placebo. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were collected for 7 and 30?days after each vaccination, respectively. Serious AEs (SAEs) were collected from the first vaccination until 12?months post-last dose. Fatal AEs, vaccination-related SAEs, and potential immune-mediated diseases (pIMDs) were collected during the entire study period.Results
Safety was evaluated in 14,645 RZV and 14,660 placebo recipients. More RZV than placebo recipients reported unsolicited AEs (50.5% versus 32.0%); the difference was driven by transient injection site and solicited systemic reactions that were generally seen in the first week post-vaccination. The occurrence of overall SAEs (RZV: 10.1%; Placebo: 10.4%), fatal AEs (RZV: 4.3%; Placebo: 4.6%), and pIMDs (RZV: 1.2%; Placebo: 1.4%) was balanced between groups. The occurrence of possible exacerbations of pIMDs was rare and similar between groups. Overall, except for the expected local and systemic symptoms, the safety results were comparable between the RZV and Placebo groups irrespective of participant age, gender, or race.Conclusions
No safety concerns arose, supporting the favorable benefit-risk profile of RZV. 相似文献6.
Background: Previous studies into leisure have employed methodologies that may understate the significance of experiential components. This exploratory study investigated the leisure experiences of retired Australians over 65 years of age.
Methods: Five semistructured interviews were used to explore the leisure experience of older people from metropolitan Adelaide. Data were coded and analysed thematically.
Results: Relaxation and engrossment emerged as commonly expressed experiences, yet were found to emerge as a result of engagement in occupations predefined as leisure. Experiences of freedom from both necessary duties and a sense of obligation were discussed as potential determinants of leisure consciousness.
Practice implications: This study highlights a need for therapists to actively access clients' subjective leisure experiences to enable engagement in personally meaningful leisure occupations. 相似文献
Methods: Five semistructured interviews were used to explore the leisure experience of older people from metropolitan Adelaide. Data were coded and analysed thematically.
Results: Relaxation and engrossment emerged as commonly expressed experiences, yet were found to emerge as a result of engagement in occupations predefined as leisure. Experiences of freedom from both necessary duties and a sense of obligation were discussed as potential determinants of leisure consciousness.
Practice implications: This study highlights a need for therapists to actively access clients' subjective leisure experiences to enable engagement in personally meaningful leisure occupations. 相似文献
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A. Trovato S. Kirjavainen E. M. Galati A. M. Forestieri L. Iauk 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》1995,9(8):591-593
The decoction of Sclerocarya birroea Hochst. shows hypoglycaemic effects, an increase in plasma IRI in normal rats and an incremented oral-glucose tolerance. The decoction is also active against diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia. 相似文献
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Janet Fricke Carolyn Unsworth Diane Worrell 《Australian Occupational Therapy Journal》1993,40(1):7-15
This paper reports an inter-rater reliability study on the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The FIM measures inpatient burden of care, as reflected in 18 self care items, rated on a seven point scale from dependent to independent. The subjects were 40 occupational therapists, divided according to experience with the FIM and randomly assigned to a FIM training or non-training group. Subjects rated video tapes of four stroke patients on transfers, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting and eating items from the FIM. Rater consensus was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), percentage agreement and a measure of disagreement. Rating accuracy was measured by comparisons with an expert rater. Ratings were most reliable when done by clinicians with no prior FIM experience, from the FIM training group. It is strongly recommended that all clinicians undergo FIM training before using this tool to ensure acceptable reliability. 相似文献
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Primary cultures enriched in neurons dissociated from embryonic rat cerebra were used to demonstrate that platelet activating factor and the structurally related ether glycerolipid, dodecylglycerol, are readily taken up in small amounts by neurons and that they stimulate the differentiation of neurons. The stimulation of neuronal differentiation was observed as a precocious development of axon-like extensions which correlated with a concentration-dependent increase in neuronal-specific enzyme activities. This stimulation of morphological and neurochemical factors by either platelet activating factor or dodecylglycerol was almost completely abolished by triazolam, a known inhibitor of platelet activating factor function. Neither platelet activating factor nor dodecylglycerol at the concentrations used to achieve stimulation of neuronal differentiation compromised the plasma membrane, as indicated by the lack of leakage of cytoplasmic lactic acid dehydrogenase. 相似文献
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