Fosinopril improves left ventricular diastolic function in young mildly hypertensive patients without hypertrophy

To clarify whether fosinopril monotherapy can improve left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) in young mildly hypertensives without hypertrophy, we studied 66 patients (pts) with diastolic blood pressure 90–100 mmHg, aged <45 years, with normal 2-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo), and impaired DF. Impaired DF was defined as a Doppler transmitral early (E) to atrial (A) filling velocity ratio (E/A ratio) <1. Thirty-eight pts were selected for fosinopril monotherapy. Mean age was 36 years. Duration of documented hypertension was 5.4 years. Mean daily dose of fosinopril was 20 mg. Twenty-eight controls were treated with hydrochlorothiazide and hydralazine combination. Sixty-six age- and sex-matched healthy subjects served to establish normal reference values of 2-D and Doppler echo measurements. All hypertensives were treated for 30 months and re-examined 4 weeks after cessation of treatment. The fosinopril-treated group showed improvements in transmitral E (52 ± 8 cm/s, vs. 61 ± 9 cm/s, p < 0.01), A (56 ± 9 cm/s, vs. 47 ± 6 cm/s, p < 0.05), and E/A ratio (0.93 ± 0.16, vs. 1.29 ± 0.18, p < 0.01). Moreover, the early to atrial velocity-time integral ratio (1.31 ± 0.10, vs. 2.24 ± 0.10, p < 0.001) improved. The pulmonary venous flow pattern normalized after fosinopril therapy. LV mass index, relative wall thickness, LV dimension, left atrial dimension, fractional shortening, heart rate, and body mass index did not change. The hydrochlorothiazide-hydralazine combination-treated group did not show an improved diastolic function. It is concluded that long-term fosinopril monotherapy leads to an improvement of impaired LVDF in young mildly hypertensives without hypertrophy.     

Influence of tissue affinity of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction

Background: The demonstration of local renin-angiotension systems has raised the question of whether angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with different tissue affinities differ with regard to their effects on postinfarction remodeling. Hypothesis: The study was undertaken to investigate the influence of ACE inhibitors with different tissue affinity on morphology and function of the infarcted left ventricle. Methods: In all, 52 patients (17 women, 35 men, 38-73 years) with large acute myocardial infarction were randomized to receive either 25-75 mg/day captopril or 10-20 mg/day fosinopril beginning on the Day 7 after infarction. Of these, 28 had anterior and 24 had posterior wall infarctions. Infarct size was determined by the creatine kinase integral method. Fifty patients were examined by cinemagnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) 1 and 26 weeks after infarction. The following parameters were determined: left ventricular enddiastolic and end-systolic volume index (LVEDVI, LVESVI), ejection fraction (LVEF), infarct weight, and muscle mass (LVMM). The volume-to-mass ratio (VMR) was calculated and the clinical status according to the guidelines of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) was documented at each examination time. The results were compared with those of a historical sample without ACE-inhibitor therapy examined in an identical manner (n = 31, 10 women, 21 men, 36-75 years). Results: LVEDVI and LVESVI increased in the first 6 months after infarction by 24.9 and 36.6%, respectively, in the historical sample; by 11.0 and 7.8%, respectively, under captopril; and by 13.1 and 10.7%, respectively, under fosinopril. LVEF decreased by 14.9% in the untreated sample, by 3.7% under captopril and by 5.0% under fosinopril. Infarct weight and LVMM increased by 12.7 and 15.3%, respectively, without ACE inhibition, by 5.7 and 10.1%, respectively, in patients treated with captopril, and by 6.1 and 9.3%, respectively, in patients treated with fosinopril. The VMR increased by 7.4% in the historical sample, by 3.5% in the captopril group, and by 1.8% in the fosinopril group. The NYHA clinical status improved by 18.2% without ACE inhibition, by 42.9% in the captopril group, and by 26.3% in the fosinopril group. The differences between the two ACE-inhibitor groups and the reference group were all significant, while the differences between the captopril group and the fosinopril group were significant only for VMR (p<0.01) and NYHA class (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both captopril and fosinopril have a comparable positive influence on postinfarction remodeling and on clinical status. Lipophilicity and tissue affinity do not seem to play a clinically important role in ACE-inhibitor therapy after infarction.     

福辛普利防治心肌肥厚和钙超载的实验研究

目的　研究福辛普利对鼠实验性高血压心肌肥厚及钙超载的影响。方法　以腹主动脉部分狭窄大鼠为模型 ,观察福辛普利对血压、心肌重量及超微结构、钙含量、肌浆网钙泵功能的影响。结果　福辛普利组大鼠心肌超微结构和钙泵功能保持稳定 ,心肌重量和钙含量明显低于安慰剂组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　福辛普利不仅能防治心肌肥厚 ,而且能保护肌浆网钙泵功能 ,防止心肌钙超载损伤     

福辛普利联合氨氯地平对糖尿病合并高血压患者血清转化生长因子-β1、醛固酮和C反应蛋白的影响

目的 探究福辛普利联合氨氯地平对糖尿病并发原发性高血压(高血压)患者血清转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)、醛固酮和C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)的影响.方法 选取青岛思达心脏医院2018年1月～2019年1月收治的136例糖尿病并...     

坎地沙坦和福辛普利联合治疗高血压伴早期糖尿病肾病

目的研究坎地沙坦和福辛普利联合治疗高血压伴早期糖尿病肾病(DN)及糖尿病高血压的疗效。方法随机选择门诊长期随访的2型糖尿病并早期DN及糖尿病高血压患者60例,随机分为福辛普利组、坎地沙坦组与联合治疗组(福辛普利+坎地沙坦),观察16周。检测各组治疗前后尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(SCr)及尿清蛋白排泄率(UAER)水平;并监测其治疗前后平均动脉压(MAP)水平。结果3组治疗前后MAP水平差异无统计学意义,但治疗后尿清蛋白排泄率均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05);联合治疗组尿清蛋白排泄率下降最明显(P<0.05)。结论福辛普利和坎地沙坦联合治疗早期糖尿病肾病疗效显著。     

Passive and Carrier-Mediated Intestinal Absorption Components of Two Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor Prodrugs in Rats: Enalapril and Fosinopril

The intestinal absorption mechanism of two ACE inhibitor prodrugs, enalapril and fosinopril, was investigated in rats using a single-pass perfusion method. A modified boundary layer solution was applied to determine the apparent intestinal wall permeability. The prodrug enalapril is well absorbed from rat jejunum, whereas the parent drug, enalaprilat, is poorly absorbed. The permeability of enalapril is concentration dependent and is decreased by the dipeptide Tyr-Gly and by cephradine but not by the amino acids L-leucine or L-phenylalanine, indicating a nonpassive absorption mechanism via the small peptide carrier-mediated transport system. In contrast, fosinopril is readily absorbed by a concentration-independent mechanism without the involvement of the peptide carrier.     

3种转换酶抑制剂治疗原发性高血压的成本-效果分析

目的 :探讨3种转换酶抑制剂治疗原发性高血压所产生的经济效果。方法 :选择186例原发性高血压患者 ,随机分为3组 ,分别给予依那普利、福辛普利、培哚普利 ,运用药物经济学方法进行分析。结果 :依那普利为治疗原发性高血压成本最小的药物。结论 :运用药物经济学的分析方法可使有限资源得到合理配置     

Effects of amlodipine and fosinopril on heart rate variability and left ventricular mass in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension

The differences between long-acting dihydropyridines and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with regard to their long-term effects on 24-h heart rate variability (HRV) and left ventricular (LV) mass are less clear in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. We studied the long-term effects of amlodipine and fosinopril on 24-h HRV and LV mass in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. In this study, 27 patients with never treated mild-to-moderate essential hypertension were randomised to receive either amlodipine or fosinopril once daily as monotherapy. At baseline and at the end of the third and sixth months, each of the patients underwent 24-h HRV and ambulatory systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure analysis. LV mass index was calculated from echocardiographic examination at baseline and at the end of the sixth month. In amlodipine group (n = 14), 24-h SBP/DBP (mmHg) decreased from 144 +/- 8/94 +/- 4 to 128 +/- 6/83 +/- 3 at the end of the third month and to 125 +/- 5/81 +/- 2 at the end of the sixth month (p < 0.0001). In fosinopril group (n = 13), the respective changes were 143 +/- 9/97 +/- 7, 132 +/- 6/87 +/- 5 and 127 +/- 6/82 +/- 3 (p < 0.0001). At the end of the sixth month, LV mass index (g/m(2)) decreased from 122 +/- 26 to 105 +/- 21 in amlodipine group (p < 0.0001) and from 118 +/- 23 to 101 +/- 14 in fosinopril group (p < 0.0001). There were no significant changes in HRV parameters in both the groups. It was concluded that both drugs caused significant decrease in SBP and DBP, and LV mass in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension did not have significant long-term effects of either amlodipine or fosinopril on 24-h HRV parameters reflecting sympathetic or parasympathetic activity in these patients.     

福辛普利对慢性肾炎肾小管功能的影响

【目的】观察福辛普利对慢性肾炎患者肾小管功能的影响。【方法】对72例慢性肾炎患者，采用随机化方法分为福辛普利组和常规治疗组。观察治疗前后24h尿蛋白（Pro）、尿白蛋白（Alb）、肾功能和肾小管功能。【结果】福辛普利组尿Pro、尿RBP、尿α1-MG及尿血管紧张素转换酶抑制刑明显降低，与对照组比较，差异有显著性（均P〈0．05）。【结论】福辛普利能有效改善慢性肾炎肾小管功能。     

大鼠急性心肌梗死后ACE、ACE2基因异常表达的意义及福辛普利干预的影响

目的研究急性心肌梗死(AMI)后左室梗死区及非梗死区ACE、ACE2 mRNA的表达以及福辛普利对ACE、ACE2 mRNA表达的影响。方法结扎冠状动脉前降支诱导大鼠急性心肌梗死,AMI后24 h存活的24只大鼠随机分为AMI组、福辛普利组,每组8只。另设8只假手术组;术后24 h开始直接灌胃给药,AMI及假手术组大鼠灌等量生理盐水;用药28d后,用RT-PCR法检测左心室梗死区及非梗死区心肌ACE和ACE2 mRNA表达的情况。结果大鼠AMI 28 d后左心室梗死区及非梗死区心肌ACE、ACE2 mRNA表达均较假手术组明显升高(P<0.01),福辛普利组梗死区及非梗死区ACE mRNA表达较心梗组均显著降低(P<0.05),但仍高于假手术组(P<0.05);福辛普利对ACE2 mRNA的表达几乎无影响,心梗组及福辛普利组梗死区及非梗死区ACE2 mRNA表达无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论AMI后ACE2 mRNA表达增多在心肌损伤后肾素血管紧张素系统有关的血管紧张素肽的产生与降解的负性调节中起着重要的作用。