氢氧化钙预防根管治疗期间急症的临床观察

目的 观察氢氧化钙根管内封药对预防根管治疗期间急症的临床疗效。方法 使用氢氧化钙及传统根管内消毒药物樟脑对氯酚、甲醛甲酚根管内封药，观察疼痛指数并比较其根管治疗期间急症的发生率。结果 氢氧化钙封药后根管治疗期间急症的发生率最低，与传统药物相比，其差异有统计学意义。结论 氢氧化钙根管内封药。对预防根管治疗期间的急症有较好的作用。     

STRESS IN THE RURAL EMERGENCY ROOM

ABSTRACT: This study identifies stress-producing factors reported by registered nurses (RNs) attending serious incidents in an Australian rural hospital's emergency room. A Delphi approach was used to determine the six most significant stress-producing factors, and these factors were then ranked by two groups of nurses. The rankings were compared using the Spearman Rank Order Coefficient of Correlation and were found to be dependent on years of nursing experience of the RNs taking part in the study. The more experienced group nominated 'anxiety about nursing a family member or close friend' as the most significant stress-producing factor, while the less experienced group reported 'concerns about nursing a child' as the most important stress-producing factor. Possible reasons for the variation in rankings are discussed, and recommendations are made in the light of the study's findings.     

Patterns of coverage of psychiatric emergencies

A massive change in the detection of psychiatric cases in the emergency room was recorded when pattern of coverage was changed from "on-call" basis to "continuous physical presence" of psychiatry residents in the emergency room.     

放射卫生机构在核辐射卫生应急体系作用探讨

分析和探讨放射卫生机构在核辐射卫生应急体系中发挥的作用。通过对比发现,核辐射紧急医学救援基地多由取得放射卫生技术服务（甲级）资质或放射性疾病诊断机构资质的单位承担建设任务。放射卫生机构在平时工作中积累的辐射监测、污染检测、剂量估算、健康效应评价等技术能力可在核辐射卫生应急处置中发挥重要作用,实现能力建设的“平急结合”。建议各级放射卫生机构继续发挥自身所长,通过参加放射卫生监测项目的机会提高自身能力,并积极参与放射卫生技术机构检测能力考核,为核辐射卫生应急工作做好人才和技术储备。     

突发公共卫生事件下医疗机构捐赠药品标准化管理探索与实践

目的 分析新冠肺炎疫情期间捐赠药品管理工作流程,为突发公共卫生事件发生时,医疗机构受赠药品管理工作提供应急管理模式。方法 结合我院对接受捐赠药品在选择、接收、验收、储存、出库、使用、监管等具体工作模式,制定切实可行的捐赠药品管理制度。分析捐赠药品使用及管理情况,优化捐赠药品管理工作流程。结果 捐赠药品管理制度具有合法、合理、实操性强的特点。受赠药品遴选均符合新冠肺炎疫情防疫所需;验收、储存做到质量严把关,建立专账,来源可追溯;规范受赠药品使用审批流程,去向可追踪。结论 制定了符合医疗机构实际工作需求的《捐赠药品管理制度》,提高了捐赠药品管理工作效率,保障药品的质量及合理使用。     

Change in knowledge of midwives and obstetricians following obstetric emergency training: a randomised controlled trial of local hospital, simulation centre and teamwork training

Objectives  To explore the effect of obstetric emergency training on knowledge. Furthermore, to assess if acquisition of knowledge is influenced by the training setting or teamwork training.
Design  A prospective randomised controlled trial.
Setting  Training was completed in six hospitals in the South West of England, UK and at the Bristol Medical Simulation Centre, UK.
Population  Midwives and obstetric doctors working for the participating hospitals were eligible for inclusion in the study. A total of 140 participants (22 junior and 23 senior doctors, 47 junior and 48 senior midwives) were studied.
Methods  Participants were randomised to one of four obstetric emergency training interventions: (1) 1-day course at local hospital, (2) 1-day course at simulation centre, (3) 2-day course with teamwork training at local hospital and (4) 2-day course with teamwork training at simulation centre.
Main outcome measures  Change in knowledge was assessed by a 185 question Multiple-Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) completed up to 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after the training intervention.
Results  There was a significant increase in knowledge following training; mean MCQ score increased by 20.6 points (95% CI 18.1–23.1, P < 0.001). Overall, 123/133 (92.5%) participants increased their MCQ score. There was no significant effect on the MCQ score of either the location of training (two-way analysis of variants P = 0.785) or the inclusion of teamwork training ( P = 0.965).
Conclusions  Practical, multiprofessional, obstetric emergency training increased midwives' and doctors' knowledge of obstetric emergency management. Furthermore, neither the location of training, in a simulation centre or in local hospitals, nor the inclusion of teamwork training made any significant difference to the acquisition of knowledge in obstetric emergencies.     

国家突发中毒事件卫生应急移动处置中心建设经验探讨

中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会自2016年在全国分区域布局建设4类11个国家卫生应急移动处置中心,其中仅有的2个国家突发中毒事件卫生应急移动处置中心设立于在山东和贵州。山东以山东第一医科大学附属省立医院为承建单位。项目于2020-11-04顺利通过国家卫健委专家验收,本文拟从能力建设、队员配置、装备配置、培训演练、队伍管理等方面进行分析总结建设过程,并结合美国和日本等发达国家经验,提出建设中遇到的问题和解决办法,为国家应急队伍以后的标准化建设和管理提供参考。     

武汉市2011-2015年突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析

目的 分析2011-2015年武汉市突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征,为突发公共卫生事件的防控提供参考依据.方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统中的"突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统"和"中国流感监测信息系统",收集和整理2011-2015年武汉市突发公共卫生事件信息,采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计分析.结果 武汉市2011-2015年共报告突发公共卫生事件39起,一般级别(Ⅳ级)17起,占43.59%;未分级22起,占56.41%,无较大(Ⅲ级及以上)级别突发公共卫生事件.事件类别以传染病疫情为主,占92.31%.10-12月与5-7月是武汉市突发公共卫生事件报告的高峰期,分别占5年间报告事件总数的41.02%和38.46%.64.10%的突发公共卫生事件发生在学校,其中小学占41.03%,托幼机构占15.38%.结论 学校传染病疫情是突发公共卫生事件的重点,应进一步加强高峰期在校学生的传染病防治工作,降低突发公共卫生事件的发生率.