Antihistamine effects on actual driving performance in a standard test: a summary of Dutch experience, 1989-94

The review summarizes the major results of eight double-blind, placebo-controlled, volunteer studies undertaken by three independent institutions for showing the effects on actual driving performance of "sedating" and "nonsedating" antihistamines (respectively, triprolidine, diphenhydramine, clemastine and terfenadine, loratadine, cetirizine, acrivastine, mizolastine, and ebastine). A common, standardized test was used that measures driving impairment from vehicular "weaving" (i.e., standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP)). Logical relationships were found between impairment and dose, time after dosing, and repeated doses over 4–5 days. The newer drugs were generally less impairing, but differences existed among their effects, and none was unimpairing at doses 1–2 × the currently recommended levels. One or possibly two of the newer drugs possessed both performance-enhancing and -impairing properties, depending on dose, suggesting two mechanisms of action.     

Randomized placebo-controlled trial comparing montelukast and cetirizine for treating perennial allergic rhinitis in children aged 2–6 yr

Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) were recently added to the method of treating allergic rhinitis (AR). However, in children under 6 yr old, there has been no study about its efficacy in treating AR. We aim to compare the clinical efficacy of montelukast, cetirizine and placebo in the treatment of children from 2 to 6 yr old with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), to see if there are any significant differences. Sixty children were selected and treated with montelukast, or cetirizine, or placebo once daily. The efficacy of the three agents was compared with the Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ) and Total Symptom Score (TSS) by diary. In addition, we also examined serum IgE, serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), blood eosinophil counts, nasal airway resistance (NAR) and eosinophil percentage in nasal smears. The results revealed that both montelukast and cetirizine were significantly efficacious compared with placebo in NAR, eosinophil percentage in nasal smears, PRQLQ, TSS and all symptom items except nasal itching, throat itching and tearing. For nasal itching, only cetirizine was significantly efficacious. On the other hand, for night sleep quality, montelukast was significantly superior to cetirizine.     

国产盐酸西替利嗪片的人体药代动力学及相对生物利用度

目的 :研究国产盐酸西替利嗪片的人体药代动力学和相对生物利用度。 方法 :选择 8名男性健康志愿者 ,采用反相高效液相色谱法 ,以紫外 2 2 9nm为检测波长 ,测定了单剂量 (10 mg)口服国产盐酸西替利嗪片和进口盐酸西替利嗪片在人体内的西替利嗪浓度。 结果 :盐酸西替利嗪的体内动态过程呈一级吸收的二房室开放模型 ,国产片和进口片的 cmax分别为(316 .71± 39.6 6 )和 (314.80± 31.79) ng/ ml,tmax分别为 (0 .72± 0 .0 9)和 (0 .72± 0 .0 9) h,t1 /2β分别为 (10 .71± 3.0 6 )和(9.95± 2 .41) h,AU C0～∞ 分别为 (2 72 8.5 2± 35 6 .0 6 )和 (2 75 3.0 1± 36 0 .33) ng· h/ ml。结论 :国产盐酸西替利嗪片剂的相对生物利用度为 (99.5 0± 8.89) % ;选择 cmax和 AU C0～∞ 进行三因素方差分析与双单侧 t检验 ,结果表明国产片和进口片两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

盐酸西替利嗪巴布剂的工艺优化

考察了对盐酸西替利嗪巴布剂黏性影响较重要的3个辅料的用量,并研究了优化处方的含水量、黏性及体外释放度的关系.结果表明,随巴布剂含水量的减少,黏性逐渐减弱,释药速度减慢.60℃干燥9h,含水量为23%,黏性及体外释放均较好.     

西替利嗪凝胶的制备和质量评价

目的:制备西替利嗪凝胶剂,并建立质量控制方法.方法:以卡波姆940为基质制备凝胶,采用紫外分光光度法测定西替利嗪含量,并考察其稳定性.结果:西替利嗪线性范围为6～16 mg·L-1(r=0.996 7),平均回收率为98.23%,RSD为0.69%(n=5),凝胶稳定性良好.结论:该凝胶制备工艺可行,性质稳定.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定西替利嗪/麻黄素滴鼻剂中二组分的含量

目的用HPLC法同时测定滴鼻剂中盐酸西替利嗪和盐酸麻黄素的含量.方法采用C18色谱柱(4.6mm × 150mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.01mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠(60:40),检测波长230nm和257nm(0～3min:257nm;3～15min:230nm).结果盐酸西替利嗪和盐酸麻黄素在40～400μg·mL-1浓度内呈良好线性关系,平均回收率分别为99.56%和101.12%,RSD分别为%1.13和1.02%(n=3).结论该方法可同时测定滴鼻剂中盐酸西替利嗪和盐酸麻黄素的含量.     

盐酸西替利嗪口腔崩解片和普通片剂的生物等效性研究

目的对西替利嗪的两种制剂进行生物等效性评价。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定了20名健康男性志愿受试者随机交叉单剂量口服盐酸西替利嗪口腔崩解片(受试制剂)和普通片剂(参比制剂)后的不同时刻血浆中西替利嗪的浓度。采用DAS软件,计算盐酸西替利嗪两种制剂的药代动力学参数及评价两种制剂的生物等效性。结果20名健康受试者口服受试制剂和参比制剂后,血浆中西替利嗪的Tmax分别为(0.6±0.27)h和(0.9±0.32)h;Cmax分别为(644.5±108.4)ng.mL-1和(654.1±102.4)ng.mL-1;t1/2分别为(8.6±2.0)h和(8.9±3.6)h;AUC0-t分别为(4 944.3±750.4)ng.h.mL-1和(5 128.9±991.4)ng.h.mL-1;AUC0-∞分别为(5 535.8±941.1)ng.h.mL-1和(5 868.7±1519.7)ng.h.mL-1。受试制剂的相对生物利用度(98.1±14.9)%。以上参数统计学分析结果表明两种制剂无显著性差异。结论盐酸西替利嗪两种制剂体内生物作用等效。     

盐酸西替利嗪口服溶液的有关物质分析

目的 通过对盐酸西替利嗪口服溶液的杂质进行分析,探讨生产工艺存在的问题,为提高产品质量提供参考。方法 通过HPLC对3家企业生产的盐酸西替利嗪口服溶液进行有关物质检查,对主要杂质进行定性定量研究。色谱条件：CAPCELL PAK C₁₈ (4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水(17∶83)(用磷酸调节pH值至1.5)和乙腈-水(35∶65)(用磷酸调节pH值至1.5)为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为230 nm。对其中主要杂质采用色谱-质谱联用技术确证结构,通过原辅料相容性试验揭示杂质产生的来源,色谱条件：ACQUITYUPLCHSS-C₁₈(150mm×2.1mm, 1.7μm)色谱柱,以20 mmol·L^–1醋酸铵溶液(0.1%乙酸)-甲醇溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱。结果 盐酸西替利嗪口服溶液中可能存在5个杂质,3家企业的盐酸西替利嗪口服溶液中检出的主要杂质为西替利嗪甘油酯(1对非对映异构体)和西替利嗪丙二醇酯(1对非对映异构体),其产生与盐酸西替利嗪口服溶液的处方工艺高度相关。结论 盐酸西替利嗪口服溶液...     

复方盐酸西替利嗪凝胶剂对大鼠的长期毒性试验

盐酸西替利嗪是第二代抗组胺药，为长效的具选择性的强效抗变态反应药，临床上主要用于治疗过敏性皮炎、荨麻疹及过敏性哮喘等”。目前，盐酸西替利嗪的临床使用制剂主要有片剂、胶囊、颗粒剂、口服液、滴鼻剂、滴眼液等。我院开发的复方盐酸西替利嗪凝胶剂，有效成分为盐酸西替利嗪和莫匹罗星，具有良好的抗过敏作用，副反应少且耐受性好，使用时易涂展和洗除、无油腻感、不妨碍皮肤正常功能，是值得推广的新型制剂。