RSV感染患儿血清组织胺的浓度变化及其意义

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是婴幼儿呼吸道感染的重要病原之一,尤其是在六个月以下的婴儿引起严重的喘憋性毛细支气管     

Automated image analysis of placental villi and syncytial knots in histological sections

IntroductionDelayed villous maturation and accelerated villous maturation diagnosed in histologic sections are morphologic manifestations of pathophysiological conditions. The inter-observer agreement among pathologists in assessing these conditions is moderate at best. We investigated whether automated image analysis of placental villi and syncytial knots could improve standardization in diagnosing these conditions.MethodsPlacentas of antepartum fetal death at or near term were diagnosed as normal, delayed or accelerated villous maturation. Histologic sections of 5 cases per group were photographed at ×10 magnification. Automated image analysis of villi and syncytial knots was performed, using ImageJ public domain software. Analysis of hundreds of histologic images was carried out within minutes on a personal computer, using macro commands.ResultsCompared to normal placentas, villi from delayed maturation were larger and fewer, with fewer and smaller syncytial knots. Villi from accelerated maturation were smaller. The data were further analyzed according to horizontal placental zones and groups of villous size.DiscussionNormal placentas can be discriminated from placentas of delayed or accelerated villous maturation using automated image analysis. Automated image analysis of villi and syncytial knots is not equivalent to interpretation by the human eye. Each method has advantages and disadvantages in assessing the 2-dimensional histologic sections representing the complex, 3-dimensional villous tree. Image analysis of placentas provides quantitative data that might help in standardizing and grading of placentas for diagnostic and research purposes.     

菊花总黄酮对转染RSV的A549细胞RANTES及MCP-1表达的影响

【目的】探讨菊花总黄酮对呼吸道合胞病毒(Respiratory Syncytial Virus,RSV)转染 A549细胞诱导激活正常 T 细胞表达和分泌因子(regulated upon activation ,normal Tcell expressed and secreted ,RANTES)及单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemotactic protein 1,MCP-1)释放作用影响。【方法】实验分为正常对照组,病毒对照组,菊花总黄酮组和巴韦林组。在人喉癌上皮细胞(Hep-2细胞)和气道上皮细胞(A549)分别加入菊花总黄酮和巴韦林的含药维持液,测定上述两种药物的最大无毒浓度；RSV 转染 Hep-2细胞,观察药物对 RSV 的病毒抑制作用；RSV 转染 A549细胞,ELISA 法测细胞趋化因子 RANTES 及 MCP-1含量。【结果】菊花总黄酮组50%有效率优于巴韦林组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)；菊花总黄酮组 RANTES、MCP-1明显降低,但高于正常细胞组,优于巴韦林组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。【结论】菊花总黄酮能够抑制 RSV 活性,明显降低 A549细胞释放 RANTES、MCP-1,缓解患儿的呼吸道症状。     

Incidence of hyponatraemia and hyponatraemic seizures in severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis

AIM: To document the incidence and early evolution of hyponatraemia (serum sodium < 136 mmol l(-1)) associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infants requiring intensive care. METHODS: In a retrospective review over two winter seasons, 130 infants were admitted with confirmed RSV infection, of whom 39 were excluded because of either pre-existing risk factors for hyponatraemia: diuretic therapy (n = 14), cardiac disease (n = 10), renal disease (n = 2) or lack of admission sodium data (n = 13). RESULTS: The incidence of admission hyponatraemia in the remaining infants (median age 6 wk) was 33% (30/91), with 11% (10/91) exhibiting a serum sodium less than 130 mmol l(-1) . Hyponatraemic and normonatraemic infants were of a similar age (median 6 vs 7 wk, p = 0.82). With fluid restriction and diuretic therapy, the incidence of hyponatraemia at 48 h had decreased to 3.3%, odds ratio 0.07 (95% confidence interval 0.02-0.24, p < 0.001). Four infants (4%) suffered hyponatraemic seizures at admission (sodium 114-123 mmol l(-1)); three had received hypotonic intravenous fluids at 100-150 ml kg(-1) d(-1) before referral to intensive care. All four were managed successfully with hypertonic (3%) saline, followed by fluid restriction, resulting in immediate termination of seizure activity and normalization of serum sodium values over 48 h. CONCLUSION: Hyponatraemia is common among infants with RSV bronchiolitis presenting to intensive care. Neurological complications may occur and fluid therapy in vulnerable infants should be tailored to reduce this risk.     

5-HT4 and 5-HT2 receptors antagonistically influence gap junctional coupling between rat auricular myocytes

5-hydroxytryptamine-4 (5-HT₄) receptors have been proposed to contribute to the generation of atrial fibrillation in human atrial myocytes, but it is unclear if these receptors are present in the hearts of small laboratory animals (e.g. rat). In this study, we examined presence and functionality of 5-HT₄ receptors in auricular myocytes of newborn rats and their possible involvement in regulation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC, responsible for the cell-to-cell propagation of the cardiac excitation). Western-blotting assays showed that 5-HT₄ receptors were present and real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that 5-HT_4b was the predominant isoform. Serotonin (1 μM) significantly reduced cAMP concentration unless a selective 5-HT₄ inhibitor (GR113808 or ML10375, both 1 μM) was present. Serotonin also reduced the amplitude of L-type calcium currents and influenced the strength of GJIC without modifying the phosphorylation profiles of the different channel-forming proteins or connexins (Cxs), namely Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45. GJIC was markedly increased when serotonin exposure occurred in presence of a 5-HT₄ inhibitor but strongly reduced when 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_2B receptors were inhibited, showing that activation of these receptors antagonistically regulated GJIC. The serotoninergic response was completely abolished when 5-HT₄, 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_2B were simultaneously inhibited. A 24 h serotonin exposure strongly reduced Cx40 expression whereas Cx45 was less affected and Cx43 still less. In conclusion, this study revealed that 5-HT₄ (mainly 5-HT_4b), 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_2B receptors coexisted in auricular myocytes of newborn rat, that 5-HT₄ activation reduced cAMP concentration, I_CaL and intercellular coupling whereas 5-HT_2A or 5-HT_2B activation conversely enhanced GJIC.     

Surfactant proteins as genetic determinants of multifactorial pulmonary diseases

Surfactant proteins, SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D, play important roles in pulmonary surfactant function and metabolism. SP-A and SP-D, being members of the collectin family of proteins, also interact with pathogens and are involved in pulmonary host defense. Respiratory diseases are among the most common causes of death worldwide. Several life-threatening lung diseases, such as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and acute RDS (ARDS), are associated with impaired surfactant function. Allelic variations of the SP-A and SP-B genes have been shown to be important genetic determinants in individual susceptibility to RDS, which is a good general model for a multifactorial pulmonary disease resulting from complex interactions between several environmental and genetic factors. Because SP-A and SP-D act directly in the clearance of common lung pathogens, the genes encoding these proteins have been implicated as candidates in a few infectious diseases, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections and tuberculosis.     

神经生长因子及其受体在呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺组织中的表达

目的 探讨NGF及其trk以p75受体在肺内的表达是否具有年龄依赖性，RSV感染是否会引起NGF表达增加。方法 将无病原体感染的F344大鼠分别于第2、4、8及12周龄时处死，并分别将2周龄(乳鼠)和12周龄(成年)大鼠分为RSV接种组和无病毒基质接种组。采用RT—PCR技术进行肺组织内NGF及其高亲和力受体(trkA)和低亲和力受体(p75)mRNA的定量分析，同时采用免疫分析法进行NGF蛋白的定量。结果 无病原体感染的大鼠肺组织中NGF及其受体的表达随年龄增加而逐渐减少，成年大鼠NGF及其受体mRNA和蛋白表达水平均较幼鼠降低50％。RSV感染可使乳鼠和成年大鼠肺内NGF、trkA和p75表达双倍增加。结论 肺内NGF及其受体的表达随着年龄的增加而出现生理性减少，但RSV感染可上调NGF及其受体的表达，这可能促发了RSV感染过程中和感染后异常的神经免疫炎症反应。     

柴胡注射液抑制呼吸道合胞病毒的研究

研究柴湖注射液在细胞培养中抑制呼吸道合胞病毒的作用。；方法：用细胞培养法，采取Ｖｅｒｏ细胞感染病毒２小时后给药，在显微镜下观察细胞病变情况。结果：柴胡注射液组与病毒对照组相比，病变程度有显著差异，柴胡注射液抑制ＲＳＶ的最大无毒浓度，半数有效浓度，最小有效浓度和治疗指数分别为１０００μｇ／ｍｌ，５００μ／ｍｌ，２５０μｇ／ｍｌ和４。结论柴胡注射液具有明显抑制ＲＳＶ的作用。     

细粒棘球绦虫合胞体结构与功能的探讨

在１９９０￣１９９７年对细粒棘球绦虫成虫，细粒棘球蚴囊壁，生发囊壁和原头节的超微结构进行了一系列观察。发现合胞体结构不仅是细粒棘球绦虫不同发育阶段皮层的主要结构，而且是成虫和原头节内部器官形成的基础。其主要生理功能是保护虫体，吸收和输送营养物质，参与代谢活动、维持渗透压平衡和虫体稳定，有助于虫体的生长发育和繁殖，对转换宿主完成生活史也十分重要。作认为对细粒棘球绦虫合胞体结构的进一步研究和认识，有     

Outcomes of Palivizumab Prophylaxis for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Preterm Children with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia at a Single Hospital in Korea from 2005 to 2009

This study was performed to evaluate the utilization and outcomes of palivizumab in high risk children born prematurely with chronic lung disease (CLD). A retrospective review of 128 patients was conducted from September 2004 to March 2009 at the Ajou University Hospital. All patients were diagnosed with CLD, were born at ≤35 weeks of gestation, were <2 yr old at the onset of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season, and had received medical therapy within six months prior to the RSV season. Fifty-three patients did not receive palivizumab prophylaxis and 75 patients received at least one dose of palivizumab. There were no statistically significant differences between the patients with and without palivizumab prophylaxis with regard to demographic characteristics and risk factors for RSV infection. There were no systemic adverse responses. Compliance with the course of prophylaxis was 92.2%. Hospitalization associated with RSV occurred in 12 cases (22.6%) in the group without prophylaxis and in three cases (4.0%) with prophylaxis. Palivizumab prophylaxis significantly reduced the frequency of RSV-related hospitalization in preterm children with CLD. This is the first retrospective review of palivizumab prophylaxis in Korea. Palivizumab is effective and well tolerated in high risk prematurely born children.