Deep learning with biopsy whole slide images for pretreatment prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer：A multicenter study

IntroductionPredicting pathological complete response (pCR) for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is crucial in establishing individualized treatment. Whole-slide images (WSIs) of tumor tissues reflect the histopathologic information of the tumor, which is important for therapeutic response effectiveness. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether predictive information for pCR could be detected from WSIs.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively collected data from four cohorts of 874 patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven breast cancer. A deep learning pathological model (DLPM) was constructed to predict pCR using biopsy WSIs in the primary cohort, and it was then validated in three external cohorts. The DLPM could generate a deep learning pathological score (DLPs) for each patient; stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were selected for comparison with DLPs.ResultsThe WSI feature-based DLPM showed good predictive performance with the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 among the cohorts. Alternatively, the combination of the DLPM and clinical characteristics offered a better prediction performance (AUC >0.70) in all cohorts. We also evaluated the performance of DLPM in three different breast subtypes with the best prediction for the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype (AUC: 0.73). Moreover, DLPM combined with clinical characteristics and stromal TILs achieved the highest AUC in the primary cohort (AUC: 0.82) and validation cohort 1 (AUC: 0.80).ConclusionOur study suggested that WSIs integrated with deep learning could potentially predict pCR to NAC in breast cancer. The predictive performance will be improved by combining clinical characteristics. DLPs from DLPM can provide more information compared to stromal TILs for pCR prediction.     

Locally advanced cervical carcinoma patients treated with chemoradiation followed by radical surgery: clinical response and oncological outcomes according to histotype after propensity score analysis

IntroductionThe aims of this study were to analyze the pathological response, and survival outcomes of adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous (AC/ASC) versus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) managed by chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery.MethodsRetrospective, multicenter, observational study, including patients with SCC and AC/ACS LACC patients treated with preoperative CT/RT followed by tailored radical surgery (RS) between 06/2002 and 05/2017. Clinical-pathological characteristics were compared between patients with SCC versus AC/ASC. A 1:3 ratio propensity score (PS) matching was applied to remove the variables imbalance between the two groups.ResultsAfter PS, 320 patients were included, of which 240 (75.0%) in the SCC group, and 80 (25.0%) in the AC/ASC group. Clinico-pathological and surgical baseline characteristics were balanced between the two study groups. Percentage of pathologic complete response was 47.5% in SCC patients versus 22.4% of AC/ASC ones (p < 0.001). With a median follow-up of 51 months (range:1–199), there were 54/240 (22.5%) recurrences in SCC versus 28/80 (35.0%) in AC/ASC patients (p = 0.027). AC/ASC patients experienced worse disease free (DFS), and overall survival (OS) compared to SCC patients (p = 0.019, and p = 0.048, respectively). In multivariate analysis, AC/ACS histotype, and FIGO stage were associated with worse DFS and OS.ConclusionIn LACC patients treated with CT/RT followed by RS, AC/ASC histology was associated with lower pathological complete response to CT/RT, and higher risk of recurrence and death compared with SCC patients. This highlights the need for specific therapeutic strategies based on molecular characterization to identify targets and develop novel treatments.     

术前减轻黄疸对壶腹部癌行Whipple手术治疗效果的影响

目的:探讨术前减轻黄疸对壶腹部癌患者行Whipple手术治疗效果的影响。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月—2018年7月45例在Whipple手术术前行减轻黄疸治疗的壶腹部癌患者(减轻黄疸组)的临床资料,与同期34例行Whipple手术术前未行减轻黄疸治疗的壶腹部癌患者(未减轻黄疸组)的临床资料进行比较。比较两组患者术前、术中情况(手术时间、出血量、输血量)和术后并发症的差异。结果:减轻黄疸组患者治疗后总胆红素(TBil)、结合胆红素(DBil)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组R 0切除率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。减轻黄疸组手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血量优于未减轻黄疸组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。减轻黄疸组术后并发症发生率、胰漏发生率和胆漏发生率少于未减轻黄疸组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:壶腹部癌患者行Whipple手术术前彻底减轻黄疸,可以缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量和术后并发症的发生。     

Primary epidural lumbar Ewing sarcoma presenting as cauda equina syndrome in an adult patient who underwent surgical decompression: A case report

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare primary neoplasm in the lumbar adult spine and may mimic a benign tumor. In this case, after a patient's three-month history of lower back pain and rapidly progressing leg numbness and weakness, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a mass in the third lumbar vertebra. At a two-month follow-up, imaging showed a fracture, compression and lesion enlargement. Decompression and fixation confirmed ES, and the patient began combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Two months postoperatively, residual ES was suspected on MRI. The patient underwent a second surgery, and histopathology confirmed necrosis. A six-month follow-up after the first surgery showed no tumor recurrence. This case supports the inclusion of ES in the differential diagnosis of pathologic spinal fracture. Early decompression and spinal fixation are critical for preserving neurologic and spinal functions in ES complicated by a compression fracture. Combined adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy remain the standard therapeutic strategy.     

缺血再灌注脑组织病理形态及脂质过氧化的动态观察

目的:探讨缺血再灌注脑组织病理形态及丙二醛含量变化的关系.方法:阻断双侧颈总动脉和椎动脉结合低血压法复制兔脑完全性缺血再灌注模型,观察心脉龙对脑组织病理形态变化及脂质过氧化的影响.结果:心脉龙能抑制膜脂质过氧化作用,且缺血再灌注脑组织丙二醛含量变化与其病理形态改变具有一致性.结论:动态观察血液丙二醛,可作为评价脑缺血性疾病治疗和预后的检测指标.     

深插胃镜诊断十二指肠乳头以下病变的临床价值

目的 探讨深插胃镜对十二指肠乳头以下病变的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析行胃镜检查[深插至十二指肠空肠曲(屈氏韧带附近)]的320例患者的临床资料、操作方法及检查结果。结果 320例患者中，深插至十二指肠升部成功率为93．12％，其中最多可以观察到十二指肠空肠以下8～10cm，所用时间约3～15min，发现十二指肠降部及以下病变85例。结论 深插胃镜对十二指肠乳头以下部位病变具有较好的诊断及治疗价值。     

小型猪渐进性梗阻性黄疸模型的建立

目的建立小型猪慢性渐进性梗阻性黄疸模型，评价其模拟临床渐进性梗阻性黄疸患者的价值。方法开腹手术，将并行有16G注射器针头的胆总管用5％碘酒溶液浸泡处理的10号丝线捆扎后，抽除针头。使胆总管早期部分狭窄，后期组织受化学物质刺激发生无菌性炎症反应、纤维组织修复等病理改变，引发胆管组织慢性纤维瘢痕狭窄，造成渐进性梗阻性黄疸。结果实验动物术后观察28d无死亡，第5—7天逐渐出现黄疸，之后渐重；第28天时的总胆红素较术前明显升高[（1．22±0．41）μmol／L比（125．90±35．77）μmol／L（P〈0．01）]；4周后病理显示胆总管组织发生慢性纤维瘢痕样变，管腔狭窄阻塞。结论本小型猪动物模型模梗阻性黄疸呈渐进性、慢性过程。可重复性强、耐受性好，是比较理想的梗阻性黄疸动物模型。同时，小型猪肝胆系统的生理及解剖结构与人相近，可为临床胆管狭窄和肝门部癌相关研究提供较可靠实验依据。     

磁共振胆胰管造影在梗阻性黄疸诊断和治疗中的作用

目的：探讨磁共振胆胰管造影(MRCP)对梗阻性黄疸患梗阻定位和定性的诊断价值及对治疗的指导意义。方法：对48例梗阻性黄疸的患进行MRCP检查，34例(70．8％)行手术治疗，14例(29．2％)行非手术治疗。结果：48例患中45例(93．8％)可通过MRCP明确诊断，并经手术或临床证实；2例(4．1％)硬化性胆管炎需结合其他临床资料做出诊断；1例(2．1％)胆总管结石误诊为胆管癌。结论：MRCP对胆道疾患诊断具有无创性、高灵敏度、高准确率等优点，能为梗阻性黄疸患临床治疗提供有效依据。     

Significance of the hepatic mitochondrial redox state in the development of posttraumatic jaundice

The effect of the hepatic energy status on the development of posttraumatic jaundice (PTJ) was studied to clarify the mechanism of PTJ. Fifty-four patients with severe torso injury who were expected to develop PTJ on admission with an average Injury Severity Score of 27 were selected for this study. They were retrospectively divided into three groups according to their maximum bilirubin concentration by day 10: group H, 12 patients with marked elevation of serum bilirubin (>8 g/dl); group L, 23 with mild bilirubinemia (2–8 g/dl); and group N, 19 with no bilirubinemia (<2 g/dl). Group H patients, in whom trauma-related shock was severe and prolonged, developed severe hyperbilirubinemia, and their arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR), which reflects the hepatic mitochondrial redox state and is closely correlated to its energy production, was significantly lower throughout the first week. In contrast, the AKBR increased to an above normal level, indicating enhanced energy production in groups N and L. The serum direct/total bilirubin was also higher in group H. The abnormal hepatic energy metabolism is considered to have reduced the excretion of conjugated bilirubin from the hepatocytes into the bile canaliculi, which is a process that has to proceed against the bilirubin concentration gradient. The subsequent diffusion of the accumulated water-soluble conjugated bilirubin in hepatocytes into the blood is thus considered to be one of the causes of PTJ.