Ill-health as a household norm: Evidence from other people's health problems

This paper proposes that an individual's self-assessed health (SAH) does not only suffer from systematic reporting bias and adaptation bias but is also biased owing to confounding health norm effects. Using 13 waves of the British Household Panel Survey covering the period 1991–2005, I show that, while there is a negative and statistically significant correlation between SAH and individuals' own health problem index, this negative effect reduces with the average number of health problems per (other) family member. The relative health bias is small, however, which implies that measures of SAH may not suffer seriously from systematic health norm bias. This is an important finding for researchers working with SAH data as it indicates that we do not have to worry too much about controlling for confounding influences from the health of other household members when estimating SAH regression equations.     

免疫吸附治疗在肾移植致敏受者中的应用

目的：探讨蛋白A免疫吸附（immunoads Orption，IA）治疗对清除肾移植致敏受者体内特异性抗HLA抗体的疗效和安全性。方法：10例肾移植致敏（PRA〉50％）受者用彤新蛋白A免疫吸附柱行IA治疗，测定治疗前后血免疫球蛋白及PRA水平。结果：10例患者IA治疗次数为4～15次（中位数9）。所有患者IA治疗后血清总IgG水平都明显下降（P〈0．001），IgA和IgM也较治疗前显著降低（P〈0．01）。PRA8例转阴，1例〈30％，1例仍为100％。结论：对于肾移植致敏受者，IA是一种特异性高、安全有效的治疗措施。     

Healthy by Association: The relationship between social participation and self-rated physical and psychological health

This paper investigates the relationship between social participation and subjective health. Using individual-level data from the British Household Panel Survey, we show that being an active member of a social or sport organisation increases self-rated physical and psychological health. For men, the benefits of social interaction work primarily via physical pathways, while women report a more psychosocial channel. We separate the main results by occupation and document some heterogeneity. Manual workers find more physical and psychological relief via social involvement, whereas non-manual workers are more likely to take relief from sport participation. Interestingly, as the number of associations in which the individual is active increases, the incremental increase in social benefits diminishes. Our findings point to the importance of promoting social and sport activities in health communication and policy making.     

肾移植病人配组淋巴细胞毒抗体的检测

目的：通过对肾移植病人的配组淋巴细胞毒抗体（ｐａｎｅｌ ｒｅａｃｔｉｖｅ ａｎｔｉｂｏｄｙ ＰＲＡ）的检测,了解与分析肾移植病人配组淋巴细胞毒抗体的差异。方法：以３６名健康成人外周血淋巴细胞作为群体淋巴细胞来源,采用补体依赖微量淋巴细胞毒方法,检测病人血清中的配组淋巴细胞毒抗体。结果：５５例病人进行血清淋巴细胞毒交叉配合实验检测,只有１例阳性１．８２％。而ＰＲＡ检测８例病人血清为阳性（６女２男）占     

中国人口老龄化对居民医疗卫生支出的影响研究

在人口老龄化的背景下,如何控制医疗费用、促进健康老龄化已经成为世界性难题.本文通过实证研究分析中国人口老龄化对医疗卫生支出的影响机制,为医疗和养老政策的制定提供参考.面板门槛效应模型的回归结果显示,中国人口老龄化对居民医疗卫生支出的影响与城镇化水平有关.城镇化水平存在双重门槛效应,当城镇化水平低于第二个门槛值,人口老龄...     

群体反应性抗体对肾移植后人/肾存活率影响的临床分析

目的回顾性调查群体反应性抗体(PRA)对肾移植术后1、3、5年人/肾存活率的影响。方法纳入北京军区第二八一医院2000年1月~2012年3月肾移植受者469例,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测受者移植前PRA水平,以PRA≤10%为阴性结果,10%40%为高度致敏,并对1、3、5年人/肾存活率进行统计。结果 469例肾移植受者中,PRA阴性349例(阴性组),PRA阳性120例(阳性组),其中Ⅰ类抗体阳性66例,Ⅱ类抗体阳性31例,23例同时存在Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类抗体。术前PRA阴性组与阳性组1、3、5年人存活率分别为98.3%、90.9%、80.7%和93.3%、82.9%、62.9%;1、3、5年肾存活率分别为96.8%、87.9%、75.9%和86.7%、76.1%、50.5%,二组相比1、3、5年人/肾存活率均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),轻度致敏组的1、3、5年人存活率、肾存活率与PRA阴性组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中度致敏组的1、3、5年人/肾存活率与阴性组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高度致敏组的1、3、5年人/肾存活率与阴性组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PRA是肾脏移植术前筛选致敏受者的重要指标,PRA阳性会影响移植物的长期存活,PRA阳性患者在肾移植手术前必须进行严格的组织配型,采取措施降低抗体水平,选择合适的供体与手术时机,以提高人/肾存活率。     

Employment Hardships and Single Mothers’ Self-Rated Health: Evidence from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics

Using a national sample of single mothers from the 2007 and 2009 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study examined the effects of multiple employment statuses on the selfrated health of single mothers during the recent economic recession. Unlike other studies, the current study minimized selection bias by controlling for prior self-rated health, in addition to other predisposing factors, enabling factors, and need factors. We found that underemployment, but not unemployment, is associated with lower levels of self-rated health of single mothers. Results further indicate that the 25–39 age range (compared to the 18–24 age range), lower family income, prior lower self-rated health, more chronic diseases, and binge drinking place single mothers at an increased risk of lower levels of self-rated health. In contrast, strength-building physical activity is significantly associated with higher levels of self-rated health. Implications for health care policy and social work practice are drawn from the results.     

Rapid identification of nonblood sterile site broth cultures using the FilmArray blood culture identification panel

The FilmArray Blood Culture Identification Panel was validated for nonblood sterile site specimens with clinical impact of rapid identification compared to conventional diagnostics. The panel accurately identified target organisms from 98% of positive broth cultures a median 1.1?day faster than conventional techniques (P?<?0.0001) with potential clinical impact in 22% of cases.     

Being out of Work and Health among Younger Japanese Men: A Panel Data Analysis

This paper examines the effect of being out of work, which is in a broader category of unemployment, on the physical and mental health of younger Japanese men using panel data. A fixed effects model, widely used to control for unobserved individual heterogeneity in panel data analysis, was used for this analysis. Using the first through the fifth waves of the Japanese Life Course Panel Survey, the first wave of which was conducted with people aged 20–40 yrs in 2007, it is found that being out of work has no observable effect on self-assessed physical health. However, being out of work has a negative effect on mental health as measured by the five-item version of the Mental Health Inventory. It is difficult to clearly distinguish the direction of causality even after controlling for individual heterogeneity that is constant over time. An analysis was done with a sub-sample to mitigate a possible reverse causality. The results consistently show that being out of work has a negative effect on mental health.