伊贝沙坦与苯那普利、卡托普利对高血压肾病患者尿总蛋白排泄量及内生肌酐清除率影响的比较

目的 :观察伊贝沙坦 (irbesartan)和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂对高血压肾病患者尿总蛋白排泄量 (UPER)与内生肌酐清除率 (Ccr)的影响 ,比较不同的血管紧张素拮抗剂上述作用的差别。方法 :以序贯试验的方法选择了用伊贝沙坦或苯那普利中卡托普利治疗的高血压肾病患者共 6 6例 ,分为人数相等的 3组 ,进行了治疗前、后 3组间降压效果、UPER、Ccr的比较。结果 :伊贝沙坦了压效果与苯那普利、卡托普利相似 ,但伊贝沙坦对UPER、Ccr的效果优于苯那普利和卡托普利 ,3组比较有统计学的差异 (P <0 .0 1)。伊贝沙坦组未见于干咳现象 ,而苯那普利组及卡托普利组分别干咳发生率分别为 4 .5 %和 13.6 %。结论 :肾功能轻、中度损害的高血压肾病患者服用伊贝沙坦 ,不仅可有效降低血压 ,还可以更好地降低UPER ,提高Ccr。     

中药肾区渗透并常规治疗高血压性肾损害40例疗效观察

目的：观察中药肾区皮肤外敷渗透加西药常规治疗高血压肾损害结果。方法：将部分中药粉碎微细化处理，将另部分中药液化处理．粉液混合装袋醋浸后外敷在肾区皮肤上，用药物导入仪肾区靶点式导人人体。并用一般西医常规治疗。结果：平均治疗3周血肌酐下降23％，BUN下降26％，24h蛋白尿下降23％，尿量增加16％，收缩压下降9％，舒张压下降7％。结论：中药的肾区皮肤外敷渗透加西医常规治疗效果明显高于一般常规治疗。     

糖尿病肾病59例临床分析

本文报告糖尿病367例中并发糖尿病肾病59例占16.1％,近十年来,糖尿病人有增多趋势,糖尿病肾病发生率也显著增加,1966～1976年糖尿病住院治疗的才100例,糖尿病肾病发生率为5％,而1977～1986年有267例,糖尿病肾病发生率为20.2％。经用胰岛素等治疗后好转22例,死亡12例,病死亡率为20.3％,糖尿病肾病除严格控制血糖水平外、无特效疗法。出现持续性旦白尿,病情已到中期或晚期,如何早期诊断是我们今后研究的重要课题。     

免疫球蛋白A肾病病理形态学的初步研究(附150例肾活检光镜及电镜观察)

对150例IgA肾病的肾活检标本进行了光镜及透射电镜的形态学观察,[其组织学改变由轻微病变至弥漫性系膜增殖,根据病变的严重程度作者将其分为6个亚型。系膜基质的增生为其突出的超微结构改变,常显示为局灶节段性、球性系膜细胞增殖和显著的系膜基质的增加。电子致密沉着多见于系膜基质及内皮细胞下,这些沉着物的多少与病变的严重程度未见有肯定的联系。     

慢性原发性肾小球疾病127例舌象分析

通过对127例慢性原发性肾小球疾病的舌象(舌质)分析,发现不同的中医辨证肾病分类,肾功能分期其舌象的表现也各异,并有一定的规律性可循,为本病的诊断和病机的认识提供了一个有效的手段。     

Alterations of glomerular matrix proteins in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy

Summary Diabetic late complications are characterized by morphological and biochemical alterations of the extracellular matrix. In particular, longstanding diabetes causes quantitative and qualitative changes in basement membrane structure of retinal and renal capilleries. Immunohistochemical investigations of diabetic kidneys with diffuse glomerulosclerosis show increased collagen type IV deposition in the mesangial matrix and decreased heparan sulfate proteoglycan content in the mesangial matrix and glomerular basement membrane as well. In nodular glomerulosclerosis normal basement membrane components are decreased or absent while the occurrence of collagen type III in this stage has been interpreted as an irreversible alteration of the glomerular structure. These changes seem to be the underlying cause for the alterations in renal functions like persistent albuminuria and proteinuria. Increased intra- and extracellular levels of glucose and its derivatives are thought to be responsible for diabetic tissue dysfunction although there are reports on possible genetic defects causing increased susceptibility to develop diabetic nephropathy. Recent results, however, focuse on the role of glucose-induced cytokine secretion as mediator for altered metabolism of glomerular matrix proteins. In vitro studies with cultured kidney cells have shown that the glucose-induced dysregulation of the basement membrane synthesis may be mediated by a glucose dependent activation of protein kinase C. Alternatively or synergistically, the formation of AGE products formed after prolonged exposure of matrix proteins to elevated glucose may also lead to cytokine secretion subsequently inducing synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. Studies in experimental animals confirm the diabetes induced dysregulation of the synthesis of extracellular matrix components on the molecular level.Abbreviations HSPG heparan sulfate proteoglycan - GBM glomerular basement membrane - ECM extracellular matrix - AGE advanced glucosylation end products - TNF tumor necrosis factor - bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor     

内皮细胞型NO合成酶基因4a／4b多态性与糖尿病肾病的相关性

目的 探讨内皮细胞型NO合成酶（eNOS)基因第4内含子一个27bp的可变数目串联重复序列多态性（VNTRs,4a/4b）与中国北方汉族人2型糖尿病（DM）合并肾病（DN）的相关性。方法 运用聚合酶链反应（PCR）结合高浓度琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离和DNA测序技术,检测病程超过10年的2型DM患者（143例）和健康人（N）（85例）的eNOS基因第4内含子27bp的VNTRs(4a/4b)多态性的基因型,比较各组间的等位基因频率与基因型频率。结果 ①DM组的4a等位基因及4a4b基因型频率与N组差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。②DN＋组4a等位基因及4a4b基因型频率显著高于糖尿病非肾病患者（P＜0．05）。③SBP,HA1c,TG,TC和eNOS基因第4内含子4a/4b多态均与糖尿病肾病有关。结论 eNOS基因第4内含子4a等位基因可能是中国人2型糖尿病合并肾病的独立危险因素。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病肾病56例临床分析

目的探讨Ⅱ型DN的发生、发展规律,以更好地预防治疗此病。方法收集56例Ⅱ型糖尿病肾病患的资料,加以分析。结果DN发生率与高血糖关系密切,DN与高血压、视网膜病变呈正相关。结论高血糖是DN发生的主要原因,在DN初始阶段,严格控制血糖和血压,可使部分尿蛋白逆转。