Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro repopulation assays for murine haemopoietic stem cells

Three assays to determine the repopulation potential of stem cells in murine bone marrow grafts were evaluated on their reliability with regard to the ranges in graft size. In vivo, marrow repopulating ability, as calculated from the number of in vitro clonable progenitors (colony-forming units in culture, CFU-C) generated by the graft in the femur of an irradiated recipient, appeared to be independent of the input over a wide range of cell numbers grafted. A second assay, erythroid repopulating ability is a measure of the number of new reticulocytes or erythrocytes in the blood generated by the graft, and significantly underestimates stem cell activity of the graft. The third assay measures the long-term repopulating ability of bone marrow cells in vitro on pre-established stromal cell layers by determination of the number of CFU-C produced in these cultures. Calculations of short-term in vitro repopulating ability, done from measurements of the production of non-adherent CFU-C in the first week of culture, appeared to be independent of cell input. Long-term in vitro repopulating potential, measured by the CFU-C content of the adherent layer at 4 weeks, is also independent of the numbers of cell input.     

Erythroleukemia and Its Differential Diagnosis

Acute erythroid leukemias encompass 2 main subtypes: acute erythroleukemia (erythroid/myeloid subtype) and pure erythroid leukemia. This article reviews the main clinicopathologic features of the acute erythroid leukemias and the criteria used to diagnose them. In this article, the differential diagnosis between acute erythroid leukemias and their mimics is discussed and helpful morphologic clues and diagnostic tests that help arrive at the correct diagnosis are provided. The appropriate application of diagnostic criteria, including ancillary testing, such as immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular genetic testing, is essential to categorize bone marrow erythroid proliferations.     

纯红系白血病(M6b)一例报告——附文献复习

目的 提高对纯红系白血病(M6b)生物学本质的认识.方法 报告1例纯红系白血病患者的临床和实验室检查特征、治疗经过、预后并结合文献复习讨论.结果 患者骨髓原始红细胞占0.904,免疫表型:CD71+细胞占99.5%、血型糖蛋白A(GPA)+细胞占67.4%,无干祖细胞、髓系、淋系、巨核系抗原表达,予以HAG(高三尖杉酯碱+阿糖胞苷+G-CSF)方案化疗无效,病情持续进展,多发性髓外浸润,很快死于多器官功能衰竭.结论 纯红系白血病恶性程度高,对常规化疗方案治疗无效,预后极差.     

Abnormal erythropoiesis and the pathophysiology of chronic anemia

Erythropoiesis, the bone marrow production of erythrocytes by the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, replaces the daily loss of 1% of circulating erythrocytes that are senescent. This daily output increases dramatically with hemolysis or hemorrhage. When erythrocyte production rate of erythrocytes is less than the rate of loss, chronic anemia develops. Normal erythropoiesis and specific abnormalities of erythropoiesis that cause chronic anemia are considered during three periods of differentiation: a) multilineage and pre-erythropoietin-dependent hematopoietic progenitors, b) erythropoietin-dependent progenitor cells, and c) terminally differentiating erythroblasts. These erythropoietic abnormalities are discussed in terms of their pathophysiological effects on the bone marrow cells and the resultant changes that can be detected in the peripheral blood using a clinical laboratory test, the complete blood count.     

Malignant hematopoietic cell lines: in vitro models for the study of erythroleukemia

A panel of leukemia cell lines has been assembled over the last 30 years representing a spectrum of erythroid cells arrested at various stages of differentiation. The oldest cell line is K-562 which is one of the most prolific in use. Most cell lines have been established from acute myeloid leukemia M6 or chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis and generally express immunoprofiles typically seen in immature erythroid cells. Several cell lines are constitutively growth factor-dependent, responding proliferatively to a variety of cytokines. The predominant cytogenetic abnormalities are the t(9;22)(q34;q11) found exclusively in CML-derived cell lines, and rearrangements of chromosomes 5 and 7 which occur in all disease subtypes. Ph+ve cell lines consistently displayed structural and numerical changes associated with disease evolution, including +8, −17/17p−/i(17q), and +19. It is striking that many cell lines though committed to either the erythroid or megakaryocytic lineage tend to co-express features of the other lineage, consistent with the concept of a common erythroid–megakaryocytic progenitor. Several cell lines may be induced to differentiate along the erythroid, megakaryocytic or monocytic pathway by treatment with pharmacological or physiological reagents. Notable functional features include expression of various globin chains or the complete hemoglobins as erythroid attributes. Taken together, this class of cell lines is relatively well characterized and affords useful model systems for immature erythroid cells.     

真性红细胞增多症患者内源性红系集落检测及其临床意义

目的　了解真性红细胞增多症 (PV)患者内源性红系集落 (EEC)生长情况及其临床意义。方法　应用半固体甲基纤维素培养体系培养 2 6例PV患者及 19名正常对照者骨髓单个核细胞中的EEC ,应用流式细胞术检测 8例PV患者及 10名正常对照者骨髓单个核细胞AnnexinⅤ并分析其与EEC之关系。结果　① 2 6例PV患者中 2 5例 (96 .2 % )检测到EEC ,继发性红细胞增多症患者及正常对照组EEC检出率为 0。②PV患者的EEC数、EEC/Epo依赖CFU E(EEC率 )与患者血红蛋白水平呈正相关(r=0 .6 0 8,P =0 .0 1) ,EEC率与患者外周血白细胞和血小板计数及中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)指数无明显相关性。③EEC与血清Epo水平无相关性 (r =0 .5 18,P =0 .12 5 )。④ 15例PV患者应用羟基脲(HU)和 (或 )干扰素 (IFN)治疗 ,治疗前EEC率与达完全缓解 (CR)所需治疗时间呈正相关 (r=0 .6 5 1,P=0 .0 0 9) ,与缓解持续时间呈负相关 (r=- 0 .5 92 ,P <0 .0 2 )。⑤ 7例应用HU和 (或 )IFN治疗的PV患者 ,血常规恢复正常后EEC及EEC率均减低。⑥EEC率与血栓栓塞发生率呈正相关 (r =0 .5 2 4 ,P =0 0 1)。⑦PV患者骨髓单个核细胞的凋亡率较正常对照组明显减低 ,PV患者中EEC与骨髓细胞凋亡率呈负相关 (r=- 0 .192 ,P <0 .0 4 5 )。结论　EEC特异性见于PV     

PNH患者骨髓红系祖细胞体外培养的研究

采用造血祖细胞体外培养技术研究了阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症（ＰＮＨ）患者骨髓红系祖细胞（ＢＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－Ｅ）的增殖能力；骨髓细胞经新鲜酸化ＡＢ型血清处理后培养的ＢＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－Ｅ的增殖能力；以及ＢＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－Ｅ对红细胞生成素（Ｅｐｏ）的反应能力。发现ＰＮＨ患者骨髓ＢＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落数明显低于正常；骨髓细胞经新鲜酸化ＡＢ型血清处理后培养的ＢＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落数明显低于经热灭活酸化ＡＢ型血清处理后培养的集落数；ＢＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－Ｅ对Ｅｐｏ的反应回归直线呈低平状态。认为ＰＮＨ患者骨髓红系祖细胞膜缺陷可导致其在酸性条件下对补体的敏感性增高和导致其对Ｅｐｏ的敏感性降低。     

表达于SiSo细胞上的受体结合性癌抗原的研究进展

 表达于SiSo细胞上的受体结合性癌抗原（RCAS1）可表达于正常组织、器官以及肿瘤细胞表面,通过诱导细胞凋亡发挥不同的作用。近年来对RCAS1的作用机制及其对生理、病理不同影响的研究有较大进展。