Helicase Hmi1 stimulates the synthesis of concatemeric mitochondrial DNA molecules in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Hmi1p is a helicase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae required for maintenance of the wild-type mitochondrial genome. Disruption of the HMI1 ORF generates ^– and ⁰ cells. Here we demonstrate that, in ^– yeast strains, Hmi1p stimulates the synthesis of long concatemeric mitochondrial DNA molecules associated with a reduction in the number of nucleoids used for mitochondrial DNA packaging. Surprisingly, the ATPase negative mutants of Hmi1p can also stimulate the synthesis of long concatemeric ^– mitochondrial DNA molecules and support the maintenance of the wild-type mitochondrial genome, albeit with reduced efficiency. We show that, in the mutant hmi1–5 background, the wild-type mitochondrial DNA is fragmented; and we propose that, in hmi1 yeast cells, the loss of the wild-type mitochondrial genome is caused by this fragmentation of the mitochondrial DNA.     

受虐儿童的父母养育方式探讨

目的：探讨受虐儿童的父母养育方式。方法：采用父母养育方式评价量表（EMBU）和一般资料问卷，随机抽取湘潭某工厂子弟中学二年级学生282名完成本次研究。对86名近1年内遭受虐待的儿童（CA）与16名近1年未曾遭受虐待行为儿童（NCA）的父母养育方式进行对照研究。结果：CA与NCA的养育方式中CA组父、母的情感温暖、理解分值低于NCA组；惩罚、严厉、拒绝、否认及过度干涉与保护的分值均高于NCA组，均存在显著性差异。结论：CA与NCA的父母养育方式存在明显不同，增加父母对子女理解及感情交流，减少惩罚、严厉、拒绝、否认会减少儿童虐待的发生。     

Prolonged electrical systole in acute myocardial infarction

Electrical systole duration has been studied in two groups of 23 patients (39 M and 7 F) admitted in the coronary care units of two different hospitals for documented acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The mean QT interval duration corrected for heart rate (QTc) was obtained from three measurements of non consecutive complexes in five different leads and compared to the ideal electrical systole duration of a normal population with the same cardiac cycle length. During the evolution of AMI, QT interval increased in both groups of patients (11.5% and 14.8% respectively) and was prolonged (17.6% and 21.5% respectively) at the 48th hour.Prolongation of electrical systole can be best measured using the ratio: QTc (according to Bazett)/normal QT (according to Ashman).     

Attitudes and roles of general practitioners in the treatment of schizophrenia compared with community mental health staff and patients

Abstract. Background: Most general practitioners (GPs) are currently treating a small number of patients with schizophrenia; however, little is known about GPs experiences in this area. This paper examines the attitudes and roles of Australian GPs in the treatment of schizophrenia and their relationships with specialist services. Methods: A total of 192 GPs ratings of possible sources and forms of help for patients with schizophrenia were compared with the ratings of 50 mental health services (MHS) staff and 129 patients. Comparisons within the health professionals were also made in relation to diagnostic and treatment confidence, perceived roles, and typical problems encountered. Results: Perceived helpfulness ratings were reasonably consistent across groups. However, patients tended to rank close family members as more helpful. GPs and MHS staff reported complementary roles, with a shared responsibility for early detection and relapse prevention. Treatment compliance, and communication and accessibility to specialist agencies were identified as major problems. Conclusions: GPs fulfil a valuable role in the treatment of schizophrenia, which could be enhanced through improved training. Mental health services need to work more effectively with GPs in treating schizophrenia and acknowledge their complementary roles.     

A Ponzo-like illusion left and right of fixation: A failed prediction

Ponzo-like figures, with two parallel horizontal test lines superimposed on a pattern of converging background lines suggesting either a floor or a ceiling were presented in a tachistoscope unpredictably left or right of fixation, and the subjects had to compare the test lines as to length. The classical relative overestimation of the line closest to the apex of the background lines was obtained, but it was not stronger in the left visual field, as seemed to be predicted by at least two current generalizations concerning right hemisphere capacities: (a) that the right hemisphere is better at extracting spatial relations; (b) that its processing mode is more “holistic” and less “analytic” than that of the left hemisphere.     

Complications of locking and non-locking plate systems in mandibular fractures

This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to critically assess the methodological quality of the existing systematic reviews, and to evaluate the postoperative complications of the mandibular fractures treated with locking and non-locking plate systems. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library’s electronic databases and grey literate using a combination of Medical Subject Heading terms and key words, until September 2018. No restrictions were applied to the search strategy. In total, three relevant systematic reviews were included, and the quality of these studies was low. A total of 33 studies (20 randomized studies and 13 non-randomized studies) were included in this systematic review, and 16 of them were included in meta-analysis. Most of the included randomized studies had an unclear risk of bias (Cochrane Collaboration); the quality of non-randomized studies ranged between 6 and 17 (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies ? MINORS). Based on the results of our meta-analysis, we conclude that locking plates are superior only with respect to the need for mandibulomaxillary fixation (MMF) in the early postoperative period.     

Flow cytometric analysis of conjunctival epithelium in ocular rosacea and keratoconjunctivitis sicca

PURPOSE: To investigate by flow cytometry and impression cytology (IC) specimens the inflammatory status of the conjunctival epithelium and goblet cell density in two series of patients with rosacea and dry eye syndrome compared with a population of healthy subjects. DESIGN: Nonrandomized, prospective, comparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-six eyes of 13 patients with rosacea, 26 eyes of 13 patients with dry eye syndrome, and 24 eyes of 12 control subjects were included in this study. METHODS: IC specimens were collected after clinical examination of the ocular surface and analyzed by flow cytometry, using antibodies directed to human lymphocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (CD 54), and the peptidic core of the conjunctival mucin (M1/MUC5AC). The percentage of positive cells was calculated and levels of fluorescence expression quantified and compared with those obtained in a series of 12 healthy subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test, fluorescein and lissamin green stainings, and IC were realized in this study. RESULTS: A significant increase of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expressions by epithelial cells was consistently found in the two pathologic groups compared with levels calculated in normal eyes. The two markers were well correlated with each other and inversely with TBUT and Schirmer test. The percentage of goblet cells was significantly decreased in rosacea patients and in dry eye patients compared with the normal group with a significant negative correlation with both HLA DR and ICAM-1 markers. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular rosacea and keratoconjunctivitis sicca were associated with severe ocular surface changes, such as an overexpression of inflammatory markers and a significant decrease in the number of goblet cells.     

婴幼儿和法洛氏四联症房室结和房室束的外科解剖及计算机三维重建Ⅱ.光镜形态与计算机三维重建

15例人心房室结和房室束的连续切片观察表明:多数成人房室结细胞排列较致密,结内结缔组织较多,有明显的脂肪浸润;另一例房室结仅由纵行细胞组成的松散样结构.婴幼儿房室结细胞有的排列松散,有的排列致密,易形成细胞岛和Mahaim束,结内结缔组织较少,未见脂肪浸润,法四房室结细胞排列致密.同时,在VAX-11/730主机和S-600图象处理系统下,用Fortran-77编制的软件包,对一例正常婴幼儿的房室结和房室束进行了三维重建,在彩色监视器的屏幕上显示了不同角度的房室结和房室束及其毗邻结构,并用透明法处理显示了它们之间的位置关系.     

父母教养方式对伴与不伴对立违抗性障碍注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的影响

目的 探讨父母教养方式对伴与不伴对立违抗性障碍（ODD）的注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患儿的影响。方法 选择2015年1月至2016年12月安徽省精神卫生防治中心就诊的ADHD患儿124例，根据有无ODD症状，分为单纯ADHD患儿82例，合并ODD的ADHD患儿42例，按照分层抽样的方法选取合肥某小学同时期110例健康儿童作为对照组；使用父母教养方式调查问卷（EMBU）对3组儿童目前的父母教养方式进行调查评分，比较3组对象的父亲因子、母亲因子差异。结果 3组儿童父亲因子Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ和母亲因子Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的差异有统计学意义（F=32.096，11.195，10.467，13.957，7.343，29.081，P均<0.001）；单纯ADHD组患儿的父亲因子Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ和母亲因子Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ得分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（t=7.481，4.479，4.406，5.252，3.847，7.292，P均<0.001）；合并ADD的ADHD组患儿的父亲因子Ⅱ、Ⅲ和母亲因子Ⅱ、Ⅳ得分高于单纯ADHD，差异有统计学意义（t=2.221，P=0.028；t=2.553，P=0.012；t=2.921，P=0.004；t=3.737，P<0.001）。结论 父母教养方式的极端化对ADHD患儿有着重要影响，惩罚严厉、过分干涉的教养方式是ADHD患儿出现ODD的危险教养方式。