中国0～18岁儿童、青少年体块指数的生长曲线

Objective To construct the body mass index(BMI)reference data and curves for Chinese children and adolescents from birth to 18 years of age.Methods Data from two national representative cross-sectional surveys which were The National Growth Survey of Children under 7 years in the Nine Cities of China in 2005 and The Physical Fimess and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students in 2005,Height(length was measured for children under 3 years)and weight data of 93 702 urban healthy children from nilie cities/prodnces used to calculate tlle BMI.The LMS method was used to smooth the BMI,with estimates of L,M.and S parameters,values of percentile and Z-score curves which were required were calculated,and then standardized growth charts were generated.Adult cut-offs for overweisht and obesity at 18 years was used to study the cut-offs for children 2 to 18 years of age.Results The smoothed percentiles and Z-scores reference data and curves of BMI-for-age for boys and girls aged 0.18 years were made out respectively.BMI cut-off values for overweight and obesity for children from 2 to 18 years of age were also deftned.At 18 years,the BMI values are equivalent to the overweight cut-off (≥24 kg/rn2)and obesity cut-off(≥28 kg/m2)for Chinese adults.Comparison with the reference of the WHO and 2000 CDC for the United States,there were some difference among them,at the 97th percentile curve therewas a big difference between Chinese and U.S.adolescents.On the whole,the China BMI curve for boys was higherthan the WHO curve and lower than 2000 CDC at 97 percentile curve,but the China BMI curve for girls was lowest among the three curves.There was also significant difierence between China and Japan BMI values at 97 percentile curve.Conclusion BMI growth curves are very useful in child growth monitoring and nutritional surveillance,discovering overweight and obesity.The BMI growth charts are recommended for use in pediatric clinic and public health service.     

Isonymy in emigrants from Ferrara in 1981–1988

The distribution of surnames in the emigrants from the population of the town of Ferrara in the period 1981–88 was studied by sex and by place of birth, namely Ferrara versus other places. Emigrants born in Ferrara were defined as first time emigrants and those who had previously immigrated to Ferrara were defined second time emigrants. It was found that random isonymy is smaller in second time emigrants. Sex ratio is not different in the two types of emigrants. As indicators of the abundance of surnames in a distribution, the common ecological indexes derived from entropy were used and compared between types of emigrants. It was found that redundancy, as isonymy, is larger in first time emigrants than in second time emigrants. It was observed that second time emigrants were consistently and significantly older than first time emigrants, and that a considerable fraction of them, (22·4%) returned to their place of birth. A sexual dimorphism in age at emigration was observed in second time emigrants, females emigrating at an older age than males.     

对比敏感度检查临床研究进展

对比敏感度是视功能检查的重要组成部分.条栅对比敏感度检查法最早出现,在眼部疾病的筛查、早期诊断、疗效评价方面均有较长时间的应用.与之相比,视标对比敏感度检查法更便于在临床推广,其中,Pelli-Robson检查表在国外眼科科研及临床中得到广泛应用;Mars检查表不但在Pelli-Robson检查表的基础上进行了改进,使其检测更敏感,临床维护更简单,而且还提供数字视标的检查表,对其在我国的应用创造了条件,具有很高的潜在应用前景.     

浅谈休哈特控制图在药品检验中的应用

目的 用统计技术控制实验室的检测过程,及时发现和排除异常变异因素,保证检测结果可靠。方法 介绍了一种常用的均值-极值控制图在原子吸收分光光度法检测过程中的应用实例。结果与结论 控制图是实验室质量管理中不可或缺的重要手段。     

Historical continuity in the methodology of modern medical science: Leonardo leads the way

Early modern medical science did not arise ex nihilo, but was the culmination of a long history stretching back through the Renaissance, the Middle Ages, Byzantium and Roman times, into Greek Antiquity. The long interval between Aristotle and Galen and Harvey and Descartes was punctuated by outstanding visionaries, including Leonardo, the ultimate Renaissance man. His attitude and mindset were based on Aristotelian pursuit of empirical fact and rational thought. He declared himself to be a “man without letters” to underscore his disdain for those whose culture was only mnemonics and philosophical inferences from authoritative books. Leonardo read the Book of Nature with the immense curiosity of the pioneering scientist, ushering in the methodology of modern medical science with help from forerunners. He left no publications, but extensive personal Notebooks: on his scientific research, hydrodynamics, physiological anatomy, etc. Apparently, numerous successors availed themselves of his methodologies and insights, albeit without attribution. In his Notebooks, disordered and fragmentary, Leonardo manifests the exactitude of the engineer and scientist, the spontaneous freshness of one speaking of what he has at heart and that he knows well. His style is unrefined, but intensely personal, rich with emotion and, sometimes, poetic. Leonardo, the visionary anatomist, strived consistently not merely to imitate nature by depicting body structures, but to perceive through analysis and simulations the intimate physiologic processes; i.e., the biomechanics underlying the workings of all bodily organs and components, even the mysterious beating heart. It is fitting to regard him as the first modern medical scientist.