噪声和咖啡因联合作用对血液中TG、Ch、LDL和HDL含量的影响

用自动生化分析仪对接触强噪声的纺织女工饮用咖啡前后和不接触强噪声的女大学生进行了血液TG、Ch、LDL和HDL含量测定。结果发现:噪声可使血液TG、Ch及LDL含量显著升高,而噪声和咖啡(含咖啡因)联合作用后其血液TG、Ch及LDL含量明显降低,HDL含量升高,提示咖啡因可拮抗噪声所致的脂代谢异常。     

Multimodal imaging for a theranostic approach in a murine model of B-cell lymphoma with engineered nanoparticles

Nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising tool for in vivo multimodality imaging and theranostic applications. Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based NPs have numerous active groups that make them ideal as tumor-targeted carriers. The B-lymphoma neoplastic cells express on their surfaces a clone-specific immunoglobulin receptor (Ig-BCR). The peptide A20-36 (pA20-36) selectively binds to the Ig-BCR of A20 lymphoma cells. In this work, we demonstrated the ability of core-shell chitosan-HA-NPs decorated with pA20-36 to specifically target A20 cells and reduce the tumor burden in a murine xenograft model. We monitored tumor growth using high-frequency ultrasonography and demonstrated targeting specificity and kinetics of the NPs via in vivo fluorescent reflectance imaging. This result was also confirmed by ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging and confocal microscopy. In conclusion, we demonstrated the ability of NPs loaded with fluorescent and paramagnetic tracers to act as multimodal imaging contrast agents and hence as a non-toxic, highly specific theranostic system.     

电针敏化穴位激活迷走神经运动背核胆碱能神经元改善大鼠结肠炎性损伤

目的:观察电针敏化穴位对结肠炎模型大鼠脑干迷走神经运动背核(DMV)乙酰胆碱转移酶阳性(Ch AT+)神经元的影响,探讨其改善大鼠结肠炎性损伤的机制。方法:将79只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组(20只)、正常+敏化穴位组(5只)、模型组(34只)、电针1组(15只)和电针2组(5只)。模型组和电针组均予5%葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)自由饮用6d建立结肠炎大鼠模型。通过尾静脉注射伊文氏蓝(EB)溶液确定模型大鼠的敏化穴位后,正常+敏化穴位组、电针1组和电针2组于敏化穴位处施以电针(疏密波,频率2 Hz/15 Hz,电流强度2 m A),每天干预30 min,电针1组连续干预6 d,正常+敏化穴位组、电针2组只干预1 d。实验第0、7、13天,评定正常组、模型组和电针1组大鼠的疾病活动指数(DAI)评分、结肠组织学损伤评分及足底机械缩足反射阈值、热痛潜伏期;实验第7天,采用免疫荧光法观察正常组、正常+敏化穴位组、模型组和电针2组大鼠脊髓背角不同板层神经元和DMV中Ch AT+神经元激活情况。结果:结肠炎模型大鼠体表EB渗出点主要分布于T12~S1节段,以L2和L5节段最集中,因此,选择L5节段的上巨虚穴作为敏化穴位。第7、13天,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠足底机械缩足反射阈值降低(P<0.001),DAI评分和结肠组织学损伤评分升高(P<0.001);第7天,模型组热痛潜伏期低于正常组(P<0.001);第13天,与模型组比较,电针1组大鼠足底机械缩足反射阈值升高(P<0.001),DAI评分和结肠组织学损伤评分降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。与正常组比较,正常+敏化穴位组和模型组大鼠脊髓L4~L6节段背角浅层(第Ⅰ、Ⅱ板层)神经元及DMV中Ch AT+神经元激活数量增多(P<0.05,P<0.01);与正常+敏化穴位组和模型组比较,电针2组大鼠脊髓背角浅层神经元和DMV中Ch AT+神经元激活数量增多(P<0.001)。结论:结肠炎大鼠体表T12~S1节段支配区域(穴位)发生敏化;电针敏化穴位可有效缓解结肠炎模型大鼠结肠炎性损伤,其机制可能与激活脊髓背角浅层神经元和DMV中Ch AT+神经元有关。     

Light microscopic evidence of striatal input to intrapallidal neurons of cholinergic cell group Ch4 in the rat: a study employing the anterograde tracerPhaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L)

Injections of the anterograde tracerPhaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) were placed in various striatal loci in the rat. Within the globus pallidus, PHA-L-filled striatofugal axons were seen to approach cholinergic neurons, identified with either acetylcholinesterase histochemistry or choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry, and, apparently, to contact the surface of such cells with axonal varicosities. Since these varicosities are thought to mark the sites of synaptic terminals, such juxtapositions provide strong light-microscopic evidence that intrapallidal cholinergic neurons in the rat receive a direct innervation from the striatum and are integrated into the circuitry of the basal ganglia.     

Neuronal loss in different parts of the nucleus basalis is related to neuritic plaque formation in cortical target areas in Alzheimer's disease

In order to substantiate the hypothesis of a cholinergic pathogenesis of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease the relationship between the loss of cholinergic neurons in six subdivisions of the nucleus basalis of Meynert and density of neuritic plaques in five neocortical target areas and hippocampus was studied in five cases with Alzheimer's disease. Distribution of plaques in different cortical areas as well as degeneration pattern of neurons within the subpopulations of the nucleus basalis were markedly different in the cases of Alzheimer's disease. Quantitative evaluation of the number of neuritic plaques in the five cortical areas revealed a strong correlation with the loss of neurons in those subpopulations of the nucleus basalis which give rise to the cholinergic innervation of the affected cortical areas. The nonlinearity of this correlation may reflect two different modes of plaque formation. Either plaque formation is a self-perpetuating process with an increasing rate depending on the number of plaques already formed or additional mechanisms, with an increasing rate of influence during plaque formation are induced. The shape of the regression function is different for the various cortical regions and their corresponding subpopulations of the nucleus basalis suggesting a different dependency of neuritic plaque formation on the neuronal loss in the nucleus basalis. This might reflect a different density of cholinergic fibers within these areas, a different degree of collateralization of the fibers or other factors not yet known. The findings indicate that degeneration of cortical cholinergic afferents from the neurons of the nucleus basalis is an important feature in the pathogenesis of neuritic plaques.