山西省出生缺陷高发区土壤元素分布特征

目的 了解出生缺陷高发区土壤中元素分布特征,为出生缺陷的干预和治疗提供理论依据.方法 于2005年1-5月,选择山西省吕梁山区出生缺陷高发的中阳县和交口县作为出生缺陷高发区,以人口相对集中的河道两侧为采样点,共涉及8个乡镇,79个行政村;选择晋中盆地出生缺陷低发的祁县作为出生缺陷对照区,采样点均匀分布,共涉及6个乡镇,27个行政村.采集距耕地表层10～20cm深的土壤,共采集样品131件.采用ICP-电感耦合等离子发射光谱法,对土壤样品中的16种元素进行测定.结果 高发区土壤中元素总量明显高于低发区.与祁县相比,交口县土壤中元素含量偏高的有As、Mo、Pb、Ni、V,含量偏低的元素有Se,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);中阳县土壤中含量偏高的元素为Sn、Se、Mo、Zn、Sr、Pb、Ni、Fe、V、Ca、Cu、Al,偏低的元素为Mg和Na,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).土壤中元素含量(μg/g)与出生缺陷发病率的(1/万)逐步回归分析显示,交口县土壤中Mo、Al、As、Ni、Pb、Zn元素对病情影响有统计学意义(均P＜0.01),其标准的逐步回归判别方程为:y=-1.321 1.106 Mo-0.509 Al 0.117 As 0.663 Ni-0.429 Pb-0.262 Zn(R2a=0.891);中阳县土壤中Pb、Mg、Ca、Al、Zn元素对病情影响有统计学意义(均P＜0.05),其标准回归方程为:y=-1.757 0.441 Pb-0.264Mg 0.309 Ca-0.186Al 0.162Zn (R2a2=0.839).结论 交口县和中阳县土壤中Pb、Mo、Al等含量异常可能是两县出生缺陷高发的原因之一.     

2016—2018年成都地区部分放射从业人员个人剂量监测异常结果分析

目的 对2016—2018年成都地区部分放射从业人员个人剂量监测异常结果进行分析,以采取相应措施避免同类异常情况。方法 采用热释光测量法监测个人剂量,采用SPSS19.0统计软件对监测结果进行分析。结果 2016—2018年异常剂量人次数基本持平,不同年份异常剂量人次差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;从事诊断放射学的人员个人剂量异常人次最多,占75.96%;个人剂量异常原因居首位的是“个人剂量计曾经被留置于放射工作场所内”,占32.61%。结论 应进一步加强剂量计规范佩戴管理。     

11~13+6周规范化超声检查的临床应用

目的 评估11~13⁺⁶周规范化超声检查筛查胎儿严重畸形的效能。方法 分析接受11~13⁺⁶周超声检查且有随访结果的3 515胎胎儿早孕期超声表现,并评估11~13⁺⁶周规范化超声检查诊断胎儿畸形的价值。结果 11~13⁺⁶周规范化超声检查诊断胎儿畸形的敏感度为80.00%（60/75）、特异度为99.42%（3 420/3 440）、准确率为99.00%（3 480/3 515）,阳性预测值为75.00%（60/80）、阴性预测值为99.56%（3 420/3 435）。严重结构畸形分布5大系统,共21种畸形。结论 11~13⁺⁶周规范化超声检查可筛查胎儿异常包括胎儿严重结构畸形及染色体畸形。     

Clinical abnormalities of the nipple-areola complex: The role of imaging

Clinical examination of the nipple is part of normal breast screening procedures. Abnormal processes of benign or malignant nature may be reflected by erythema, erosion, swelling or acquired inversion. In patients presenting with a persistent unilateral nipple lesion, it is advisable to collect a sample to exclude Paget's disease of the nipple, a rare form of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Imaging should be performed to detect breast cancer, which is found in more than 80% of cases, and determine its possible multifocal nature. Breast MRI is indicated if breast-conserving surgery is planned. The main differential diagnoses are erosive adenomatosis and eczema of the nipple. Acquired inverted nipple is generally of inflammatory origin. It is usually diagnosed by conventional breast examination but breast MRI can be helpful when in doubt about possible underlying neoplasia.     

产前磁共振成像联合超声在胎盘植入患者诊断及分级中的应用

目的探究产前磁共振成像(MRI)联合超声对胎盘植入(PIA)确诊与分级诊断的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析产前行MRI与超声检查的372例孕妇临床资料,以产后胎盘病理检测结果为“金标准”,分析单纯MRI、单纯超声及二者联合检查确诊PIA与分级诊断的准确性差异。结果372例孕妇产后确诊86例PIA,其中粘连性42例,植入性33例,穿透性11例。单纯超声确诊PIA的特异度与准确度均明显低于单纯MRI、MRI联合超声检查方案(P<0.05),而MRI联合与不联合超声确诊PIA特异度、准确度比较则均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。分级诊断准确率比较显示,单纯超声<单纯MRI相似文献   

Compensatory sagittal plane ankle gait mechanics: Are they present in patients with a weak or stiff hip?

IntroductionSimulations suggest that subjects with reduced hip range of motion (ROM) and/or weakness can achieve more normal walking mechanics through compensations at the ankle. The aims of this study were to assess whether subjects with reduced hip ROM (Stiff hip) or hip flexor weakness (Weak hip) exhibit ankle compensations during walking and investigate redistribution of power in the lower extremity joints.MethodsRetrospective gait data were reviewed (IRB-approved hip registry). Preoperative kinematic/kinetic walking data were collected in patients with: adolescent hip dysplasia (AHD), femoral acetabular impingement (FAI), and Legg-Calvé Perthes disease (Perthes). AHD patients with significantly weak hip flexors on their affected side were included (Weak hip group). The Gait Profile Score (GPS) was calculated on the affected side of the FAI and Perthes groups to identify patients who had a Stiff hip. Patients who had undergone a hip arthrodesis (Fusion) were also included (Stiff hip group). Ankle kinematics/kinetics were compared to healthy participants (Control). The total positive work of sagittal plane hip, knee and ankle power were compared along with the distribution of power.ResultsPatients in the Weak/Stiff hip groups did not walk with greater ankle plantarflexion, peak push-off power or positive ankle work on their affected sides compared to Control. Ankle work contribution (percentage of total positive work) on the affected or unaffected sides was greater in the Perthes and Hip Fusion patients compared to Control. Significant gait abnormalities on the unaffected side were observed.ConclusionsPatients with a weak or stiff hip did exhibit altered ankle mechanics during walking. Greater percent ankle work contribution appeared to correspond with hip stiffness. In patients with hip pathology the redistribution of power among the lower extremity joints can highlight the importance of preserving ankle function.     

Syncytin-A Knockout Induces Placental Developmental Abnormalities Partially through Calpain1-Apoptosis-Inducing Factor-Mediated Trophoblast Apoptosis

Objective::Structural abnormalities and dysfunction of the placenta contribute to pregnancy-related complications, such as preeclampsia. Syncytin-A (synA) has b...     

颈椎曲度异常与青少年头痛等相关症状的临床研究

目的:探讨不明原因青少年头痛、头晕的病因,颈椎曲度异常对头痛的影响和探索有效的治疗方法。方法:根据X光片颈椎曲度异常的程度,将120例12～35岁头痛头晕并有颈椎曲度异常的患者分为轻度（41例）、中度（40例）、重度（39例）三组,对各组病程、临床症状（头痛程度、头晕、晕厥、记忆力减退等）;体征（血压、Hoffmann征、闭目难立征）;脑电图、经颅血管彩色超声进行分析比较;并对其中100例接受了牵引、手法按摩治疗患者的疗效进行了比较。结果:随颈椎曲度异常程度加重,头痛症状、阳性体征、实验室检查异常增加,轻中重各组有显著差异（P<0.05～0.01）;颈椎曲度异常与头痛的程度和病程密切相关（P<0.01）;在90例完成治疗的患者中,痊愈53例（58.9％）,显效24例（26.6％）,好转8例（8.9％）,无效加重5例,总有效率94.4％。结论:颈椎曲度异常与青少年头痛的发生密切相关,可能是一个不可忽视的潜在病因;牵引、按摩的物理治疗对减轻此类头痛有效,部份得到治愈。     

定时血糖监测在RICU危重症患者血糖管理中的应用及意义

RICU病房中危重症患者的血糖管理已经成为临床医务工作者的重点.本文通过对危重患者血糖的定时监测,总结出的血糖管理方法,临床护理人员在血糖管理中有着非常重要的作用.定期监测患者的血糖,纠正血糖异常将患者的血糖控制在理想的范围内能有效改善危重患者病情,对促进疾病恢复,减少并发症,降低病死率有着重要意义.     

胎盘感染人巨细胞病毒与胎儿生长发育关系探讨

应用聚合酶链反应技术检测４４例人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）ＩｇＭ阳性孕妇的胎盘组织ＨＣＭＶ ＤＮＡ，并观察其足月新生儿身体发育状况。发现胎盘ＨＣＭＶ感染时新生儿身体发育明显落后（Ｐ〈０．０５）。另外，检测８例先天性畸形儿的内脏及其母体胎盘组织ＨＣＭＶ ＤＮＡ结果皆为阳性。证实胎盘ＨＣＭＶ感染影响胎儿生长发育，严重时可导致先天性畸形。