院前紧急气管插管与机械通气24例临床分析

目的总结紧急气管插管与机械通气在院前急救中应用的经验,以期提高院前急救水平。方法回顾性分析24例院前气管插管与机械通气抢救心搏呼吸骤停病人的临床资料。结果24例病人气管内插管均获成功,成功率100%。完成气管内插管的时间是15s～60s,平均时间(25±15)s。心搏、自主呼吸恢复4例(16.7%),心搏恢复8例(33.3%);心搏及自主呼吸均未恢复12例(50.0%)。结论气管插管与机械通气是急诊抢救危重病人的基础,对保证进一步心肺复苏、挽留手术机会以及提高危重患者抢救成功率有重要意义。要加强对抢救人员进行紧急气管插管和机械通气的培训。     

针灸治疗急迫性尿失禁诊疗特点文献分析

目的：探讨针灸治疗急迫性尿失禁的诊疗特点。方法：电子检索中国知网（ CNKI,1979～2013年）、维普医学资源数据（ VIP,1979～2013年）、中国生物医学文献数据库（ CBM,1979～2013年）, PubMed（1966～2013年）中针灸治疗急迫性尿失禁的文献,分析总结针灸对其治疗时的辨证特点、选穴、配穴、针刺频次、疗程、疗效。结果：纳入19篇文献中,针灸治疗急迫性尿失禁取穴采用腰骶部膀胱经取穴为主：会阳（12/17,70．6％）、次髎（9/17,52．9％）、肾俞（7/17,41．2％）、中髎（5/17,29．4％）、三阴交（6/17,35．3％）;针灸方法以电针为主12/17,占70．6％;频次每日1次常用,疗程是以20次左右为主。结论：目前针灸治疗该病最常用辨病为主的诊疗方法,取穴采用腰骶部膀胱经为主,常用腧穴为会阳、次髎、肾俞、中髎、三阴交,针灸方法以电针为主,频次每日1次为主,电针疗效优于酒石酸托特罗定片（舍尼亭）和盆底肌训练法,远期疗效较好。     

Senior triaging of ENT emergency clinic referrals alleviates pressures on the outpatient department

IntroductionThe ear, nose and throat (ENT) emergency clinic is managed by foundation year (FY) doctors from taking referrals to discharging patients, under the supervision of a registrar. FYs learn essential skills and knowledge on how to manage common ENT problems. The clinic is often overloaded because of a high patient demand, and this limits the opportunities for teaching. We hypothesised that the clinic bookings would be better managed if referrals from general practitioners (GPs) were triaged by registrars.MethodsTelephone referrals from GPs for the ENT emergency clinic were directed to the on-call ENT registrar, between 8am and 1pm from Monday to Friday, and to the FY outside of this period. Consecutive referrals to the emergency clinic were analysed in a baseline audit and a post-intervention cycle.ResultsA total of 646 and 611 patients were given clinic appointments in the first and second cycles, respectively. Clinic session overbookings decreased from 85% to 46.3%. Appointments for referrals that were deemed inappropriate had reduced from 22% to 12.1%.Discussion and ConclusionInvolvement of a registrar in taking referrals for the ENT emergency clinic was associated with a reduction in clinic overbookings. It is feasible and productive to involve a senior decision maker in the operational management of the emergency clinic, while preserving the delivery of this service by FYs for its training value.     

改良式紧急宫颈环扎术24例分析

目的 评价改良式紧急宫颈环扎术对妊娠中、晚期宫颈机能不全处理的意义.方法 回顾分析2001年9月至2008年5月我院妊娠期宫颈机能不全并施行改良式紧急宫颈环扎术病例24例,分析延长孕周情况及胎儿存活率.结果 24例中有18例孕妇获得存活新生儿.成功率达75%.结论 改良式紧急宫颈环扎术能延长孕周,有效改善妊娠结局,是治疗妊娠期宫颈机能不全的有效措施.     

Does anxiety predict the use of urgent care by people with long term conditions? A systematic review with meta-analysis

Objective

The role of anxiety in the use of urgent care in people with long term conditions is not fully understood. A systematic review was conducted with meta-analysis to examine the relationship between anxiety and future use of urgent healthcare among individuals with one of four long term conditions: diabetes; coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.

Methods

Electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, CINAHL, the British Nursing Library and the Cochrane Library were conducted These searches were supplemented by hand-searching bibliographies, citation tracing eligible studies and asking experts within the field about relevant studies. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they: a) used a standardised measure of anxiety, b) used prospective cohort design, c) included adult patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD), asthma, diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), d) assessed urgent healthcare use prospectively. Data regarding participants, methodology, and association between anxiety and urgent care use was extracted from studies eligible for inclusion. Odds ratios were calculated for each study and pooled using random effects models.

Results

8 independent studies were identified for inclusion in the meta-analysis, with a total of 28,823 individual patients. Pooled effects indicate that anxiety is not associated with an increase in the use of urgent care (OR = 1.078, p = 0.476), regardless of the type of service, or type of medical condition.

Conclusions

Anxiety is not associated with increased use of urgent care. This finding is in contrast to similar studies which have investigated the role of depression as a risk factor for use of urgent care.     

急诊结肠镜在急性下消化道出血诊断及治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨急诊结肠镜对急性下消化道出血的诊断价值。方法对293例接受急诊结肠镜检查的急性下消化道出血患者临床资料进行分析,比较急诊结肠镜组与常规结肠镜组在平均住院日及输血量之间的差异。结果急诊结肠镜组检查成功率90.1%,总体诊断率64.5%。急诊结肠镜组平均住院天数6.9 d,常规结肠镜组7.8 d,急诊结肠镜组平均输血量275 mL压积红细胞,常规结肠镜组478 mL。结论急诊结肠镜对活动性出血可采取内镜下止血,为急诊外科手术治疗提供可靠依据,同时可减少急性下消化道出血患者的住院天数及平均输血量。     

急诊介入栓塞止血治疗产后大出血临床研究

目的：探讨产后大出血急诊介入栓塞止血的价值。方法：本组27例产后大出血，出血量1000－5000ml，出血原因为：中央型前置胎盘，宫颈妊娠，产后，胎盘粘连和滞留，宫缩乏力，妊娠高血压综合征（妊高征），凝血功能联障碍等，多数患者为复合笥因素。经临床紧急抢救，输血，抗体克，清宫，使用宫缩剂，止血剂，缝合或（和）阴道填塞止血等处理，难于控制出血者急诊介入栓塞止血，采用超选择髂内动脉前支插管，造影明确诊断后用明胶海绵条或碎片栓塞靶动脉。结果：插管成功率96．3％，发现1例异位子宫动脉。栓塞后立即止血22例（81．5％），渐止血4例（14．81％），总有效率96．3％。8例合并产后DIC，其中1例伴有多脏器损伤；11例失血性休克均抢救成功。1例插管未找到子宫动脉，而改作子宫切除术。本组无栓塞并发症及病死率。结论：急诊介入栓塞止血是抢救危及生命的产后大出血的理想方法，不仅能抢救产妇的生命，而且能保留产妇子宫，对抢救产后DIC也有良效，值得推广应用。