Differences in prevalence,treatment and control rates of hypertension between male and female in the area of Blida (Algeria)

PurposeTo compare differences in prevalence rates, treatment and control of hypertension (AHT) between males and females in general medicine consultation in the area of Blida (Algeria).MethodsWe included 3622 patients in the study (42% males and 58% females), with a mean age of 48.14 ± 10.11 years, examined between January 2014 and June 2016 in general medicine consultation in the area of Blida (Algeria). Data was collected with individual questionnaires. Measurement of blood pressure was made using validated semi-automatic devices (OMRON HEM model 705CP). Individuals using antihypertensive drugs and/or blood pressure (BP) greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg were considered as hypertensives. The knowledge about the disease was identified among those who claimed to be aware of the diagnosis before the measurements. The treatment rate was calculated with those who reported using antihypertensive drugs. Controlled blood pressure was considered in individuals with values lower than 140/90 mmHg. Lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol), and fasting blood sugar were measured. All calculations and statistical analyses are processed by the SPSS 20.0.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension was higher among men (46.2%) than women (31.6%) (P < 0.001), and among aged over 55 years (P< 0.05) and those that have referred hypertensive parents (P < 0.05). Among hypertensive men, 55.7% knew the diagnosis, 63.6% of them were under treatment, and 22% had controlled BP. Among the hypertensive women 69.8% knew the diagnosis, 85.1% were under treatment and 35.6% were with controlled BP (P < 0.001 for the three variables). The most frequent associated risk factors were diabetes mellitus in 36.8% of the patients, obesity in 35.7% of the patients, microalbuminuria in 23.6% of the patients, hypercholesterolemia > 2 g/L in 11.6% of the patients, smoking in 7.7% of them. Presence of controlled AHT was not found to be associated with presence of other risk factors. The likelihood of having AHT was higher among men, diabetics, older subjects and higher BMI.ConclusionOur study confirmed the high prevalence of AHT in general medicine consultation in Blida, which is a representative city in the north of Algeria. Although women are better treated, much remains to be done to reach BP goal, much in our countries which have the least financial resources to combat cardiovascular disabilities.     

先天性肾上腺皮质增生致女性假两性畸形患儿的围手术期护理

目的 总结先天性肾上腺皮质增生致女性假两性畸形患儿外科手术治疗围手术期的护理经验.方法 回顾分析48例患儿围手术期的临床护理资料和护理过程.结果 48例患儿社会性别均为女性,手术年龄1.5～6岁,平均3.4岁.术前均已内分泌科诊断明确并口服激素0.5～1年,外阴手术治疗后,患儿术后5～7d顺利出院.结论 术前、术后辅以有效的健康指导,合理应用肾上腺皮质激素防止肾上腺危象的发生;术后加强手术伤口创面的观察及护理,预防局部感染,是先天性肾上腺皮质增生致女性假两性畸形外科治疗围手术期的护理关键.     

性别平等问题的伦理分析与对策研究

性别平等是指男、女两性在社会环境中彼此尊重不受伤害；而性别不平等是指社会学意义上的男、女两性在具体社会生活中享受权益的不均等。介绍了我国在性别平等问题方面采取的措施和取得的成就，讨论了实现男女平等是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求，是我国社会发展的一项基本国策。故此我国应积极实施与完善有关法律与政策进一步解决性别问题。     

新生儿与成人瞬态诱发耳声发射性别差异的比较

目的探讨瞬态诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)的性别差异在新生儿与成人之间的变化。方法以短声刺激分别对120名(女62,男58)通过听力筛查的新生儿及53名(男26,女27)纯音听阈正常的青年成人行TEOAE检测,对两组TEOAE强度及频带信噪比(SNR)的性别差异进行分析。结果①成人组TEOAE强度性别差异(2.41dB)明显高于新生儿(0.99dB)。②新生儿SNR除1kHz男婴高于女婴外,其余频带均为女婴高于男婴,且SNR的性别差异随频率增加而增大,在3、4kHz差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。成人不同频带SNR均为女性高于男性,除3kHz外也呈现随频率增加而增大的特征,在2、4kHz差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TEOAE总强度的性别差异随年龄增加而增大,且新生儿及成人频带SNR的性别差异均随频率增加而增大,成人低频区SNR的性别差异较新生儿更明显。